The same physics as were in force when ABYC Wiring Rules were written are still true today.
All information is SeaBis results dependant. Contact us with results and we will guide you through corrosion CAUSE prevention.
The complete ABYC Wiring Rules:
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E-11 AC and DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ON BOATS
Table of Contents
11.1. PURPOSE ……………………………………………………………………………………. 1
11.2. SCOPE …………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
11.3. REFERENCED ORGANIZATIONS ……………………………………… 1
11.4. DEFINITIONS………………………………………………………………………………… 1
11.5. REQUIREMENTS ………………………………………………………………………….. 3
11.6. SYSTEM VOLTAGE………………………………………………………………………. 6
11.7. POWER SOURCE………………………………………………………………………….. 6
11.8. SHORE POWER POLARITY DEVICES……………………………………….. 21
11.9. ISOLATION OF GALVANIC CURRENTS…………………………………….. 21
11.10. LOAD CALCULATIONS…………………………………………………………….. 22
11.11. PANELBOARD ………………………………………………………………………….. 24
11.12. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION…………………………………………………. 24
11.13. GROUND FAULT PROTECTION………………………………………………… 27
11.14. SWITCHES………………………………………………………………………………… 28
11.15. PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES……………………………………………………. 28
11.16. SYSTEM WIRING ……………………………………………………………………… 29
11.17. APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT …………………………………………….. 33
11.18. DC GROUNDING AND BONDING …………………………………………… 34
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E-11 AC and DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ON BOATS
Based on ABYC’s assessment of the existing technology, and the problems associated with achieving the goals of this standard, ABYC recommends compliance with this standard for all systems and associated equipment manufactured and/or installed after July 31, 2004.
11.1. PURPOSE
These standards are guides for the design, construction, and installation of direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats and of alternating current(AC) electrical systems on boats.
NOTE: The United States Coast Guard has promulgated mandatory requirements for electrical systems in Title 33, CFR 183 Subpart I, Section 183. Refer to the CFR for complete, current federal requirements.
11.2. SCOPE
These standards apply: 11.2.1. to direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats that operate at potentials of 50 volts or less and,
EXCEPTION: Any wire that is part of an outboard engine assembly and does not extend inside the boat.
11.2.2. to boat alternating current (AC) electrical systems operating at frequencies of 50 or 60 hertz and less than 300 volts including shore powered systems up to the point of connection to the shore outlet and including the shore power cable.
11.3. REFERENCED ORGANIZATIONS
ABYC – American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc., 3069,
Solomon’s Island Road, Edgewater, MD 21037-1416.
Phone: 410-956-1050, Fax: 410-956-2737. Web site:www.abycinc.org
CFR – Code Of Federal Regulations and other government publications. Obtain from the Superintendent Of Documents, United States Government Information, POB 371 954, Pittsburgh,
PA 15250-7954 202-512-1800 or FAX 202-512-
- Web site: www.access.gpo.gov An excerpted edition of the CFR is also available from ABYC, Inc.
NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturer’s
Association, 1300 North 17th St, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209. Phone: 703-841-3200, Fax: 703-841-5900.
Web site: www.nema.org
NFPA – National Fire Protection Association, One Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. Phone: 617-770-3000. Fax: 617-770-0700. Web-site: www.nfpa.org
SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers, 400
Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096
Phone: 724-776-4841. Fax: 724-776-5760. web site:
www.sae.org
USCG – United States Coast Guard, USCG
Headquarters, Washington, DC, 25093-0001. Coast Guard Infoline: (800)-368-5647. Web site:
www.uscgboating.org.
UL – Underwriters Laboratories Marine Department, POB 13995, 12 Laboratory Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Phone: 919-549-1400. Fax: 919- 547-6000. Web site: www.ul.com
11.4. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.
AC grounded conductor – A current carrying conductor that is intentionally maintained at ground
potential.
NOTE: This may be referred to as the neutral (white) conductor in AC electrical systems. AC grounding conductor (green or green with a yellow stripe) – A conductor, not normally carrying current, used to connect the metallic non-current carrying parts of AC electrical equipment to the AC grounding bus, engine negative terminal, or its bus, and to the source ground.
NOTE: The source may be the shore AC power, an inverter, an isolation transformer or a generator. Battery cold cranking performance rating (0oF) – The discharge load in amperes that a battery at 17.8°C (0°F) can deliver for 30 seconds, and maintain a voltage of 1.2 volts per cell or higher, e.g., 7.2 volts for a 12 volt battery.
Battery reserve capacity – The number of minutes a new fully charged battery at 26.7°C (80°F) can be continuously discharged at 25 amperes, and maintain a voltage of 1.75 volts or higher per cell, e.g., 10.5 volts for a 12 volt battery.
DC grounded conductor – A current carrying conductor connected to the side of the power source
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Definitions – Continued that is intentionally maintained at boat ground potential.
DC grounding conductor – A normally non-current carrying conductor used to connect metallic noncurrent carrying parts of direct current devices to the engine negative terminal, or its bus, for the purpose of minimizing stray current corrosion.
Double insulation system – An insulation system comprised of basic insulation and supplementary insulation, with the two insulations physically separated and so arranged that they are not simultaneously subjected to the same deteriorating influences, e.g., temperature, contaminants, and the like, to the same degree.
Engine negative terminal – The point on the engine at which the negative battery cable is connected.
Equipment housing – The outside shell of equipment supplied by the manufacturer of the device, or a box, shell, or enclosure provided by the equipment installer. This shell provides personnel protection from electrical hazards, burns, rotating machinery, sharp edges, and provides protection to the device from mechanical damage or weather.
Galvanic isolator – A device installed in series with the (AC) grounding (green) conductor of the shore power cable to effectively block low voltage (DC) galvanic current, but permit the passage of alternating current (AC) normally associated with the (AC) grounding (green) conductor.
Ground – Ground applies to the potential of the earth’s surface. The boat’s ground is established by a conducting connection (intentional or accidental) with the earth, including any conductive part of the wetted surface of a hull.
Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) – A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to de-energize a circuit, or portion thereof, within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than that required to operate the over current protective device of the supply circuit.
Ground fault protector (GFP) – A device intended to protect equipment by interrupting the electric current to the load when a fault current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than that required to operate the over current protection device of that supply circuit.
Ignition protection – The design and construction of a device such that under design operating conditions:
- it will not ignite a flammable hydrocarbon mixture surrounding the device when an ignition source causes an internal explosion, or
- it is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy to ignite a hydrocarbon mixture, or
- the source of ignition is hermetically sealed.
NOTES: 1. A flammable hydrocarbon mixture is a mixture of gasoline and air, CNG and air, or propane (LPG) and air between the lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL).
- It is not intended to require such devices to be “explosion proof” as that term is defined in the National Electrical Code of the NFPA pertaining to shore systems.
- It is intended that the protection provided be generally equivalent to that of wiring permitted by this standard wherein a definite short or break would be necessary to produce an open spark.
- Devices that are “explosion proof” are considered to be ignition protected when installed with the appropriate fittings to maintain their “explosion proof” integrity.
- It is not intended to require such devices to be “intrinsically safe” per Article 504 of the National Electrical Code of the NFPA.
- Devices that are “intrinsically safe” are considered to be ignition protected.
- Test standards to determine ignition protection include SAE J1171, External Ignition Protection of
Marine Electrical Devices, and UL 1500, Ignition Protection Test For Marine Products, and the electrical system requirements for boats in Title 33 CFR 183.410(a).
Overcurrent protection device – A device, such as a fuse or circuit breaker, designed to interrupt the circuit when the current flow exceeds a predetermined value.
Panelboard – An assembly of devices for the purpose of controlling and/or distributing power on a boat. It includes devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, switches, instruments, and indicators.
Pigtails – External conductors that originate within an electrical component or appliance installed by their manufacturer.
Polarized system AC- A system in which the grounded and ungrounded conductors are connected in the same relation to terminals or leads on devices in the circuit.
Polarized system DC- A system in which the grounded (negative) and ungrounded (positive) conductors are connected in the same relation to terminals or leads on devices in the circuit.
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Definitions – Continued
Readily accessible – Capable of being reached quickly and safely for effective use under emergency conditions without the use of tools.
Self-limiting – A device whose maximum output is restricted to a specified value by its magnetic and electrical characteristics.
Sheath – A material used as a continuous protective covering, such as overlapping electrical tape, woven sleeving, molded rubber, molded plastic, loom, or flexible tubing, around one or more insulated conductors.
Shore power inlet – The fitting designed for mounting on the boat, of a reverse service type, requiring a female connector on the shore power cable in order to make the electrical connection.
Switchboard – An assembly of devices for the purpose of controlling and/or distributing power on a boat. It may include devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, switches, instruments, and indicators. They are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front, and are not intended to be installed in cabinets.
Transformer, isolation – A transformer meeting the requirements of E-11.9.1 installed in the shore power supply circuit on a boat to electrically isolate all AC system conductors, including the AC grounding conductor (green) on the boat, from the AC system conductors of the shore power supply.
Transformer, polarization – An isolated winding transformer, i.e., a “dry type,” encapsulated lighting transformer, installed in the shore power supply circuit on the boat to electrically isolate the normally current carrying AC system conductors, but not the AC grounding conductor (green), from the normally current carrying conductors of the shore power supply.
NOTE: Electrostatic shields that are available on some lighting transformers generally do not meet the fault current ampacity requirements of E- 11.9.1.3 Trip free circuit breaker – A resettable overcurrent protection device; designed so that the means of resetting cannot override the current interrupting mechanism.
Watertight – So constructed that water will not enter the enclosure under the test conditions specified in NEMA Standard 250, Type 6P.
Weatherproof – Constructed or protected so that exposure to the weather will not interfere with successful operation.
NOTE: For the purpose of this standard, as applied to marine use, weatherproof implies resistance to rain, spray, and splash.
11.5. REQUIREMENTS
11.5.1. IN GENERAL
11.5.1.1. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
The ambient temperature of machinery spaces is considered to be 50°C (122°F) and of all other spaces is considered to be 30°C (86°F). The ambient temperature for rating of shore power cables shall be 30°C (86°F).
11.5.1.2. MARKING
11.5.1.2.1. Marking of Controls – All switches and electrical controls shall be marked to indicate their usage.
EXCEPTION: A switch or electrical control whose purpose is obvious and whose mistaken operation will not cause a hazardous condition.
11.5.1.2.2. Marking of Equipment – Electrical equipment, except a part of an identified assembly, such as an engine, shall be marked or identified by the manufacturer to indicate:
11.5.1.2.2.1. manufacturer’s identification, 11.5.1.2.2.2. product identification or model number,
11.5.1.2.2.3. AC electrical rating in volts and amperes or volts and watts, OR
11.5.1.2.2.4. DC electrical rating in volts as appropriate.
11.5.1.2.2.5. Rated amperage or wattage of DC electrical equipment shall be available.
NOTE: Rated amperage or wattage of DC electrical equipment may be marked on the device. (See E- 11.5.1.2.2.5)
11.5.1.2.2.6. The terminal polarity oridentification, if necessary to operation
11.5.1.2.2.7. Phase and frequency, if applicable,and
11.5.1.2.2.8. “Ignition Protected,” if applicable. This shall be identified by a marking such as “SAE
J1171 Marine,” “UL Marine-Ignition Protected,” or “Ignition Protected.”
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11.5.1.3. IGNITION PROTECTION
11.5.1.3.1. Potential electrical sources of ignition located in spaces containing gasoline powered machinery, or gasoline fuel tank(s), or joint fitting(s), or other connection(s) between components of a gasoline system, shall be ignition protected, unless the component is isolated from a gasoline fuel source as described in E-11.5.1.3.3 (See Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8.)
EXCEPTION: 1. Boats using diesel fuel as the only fuel source.
- Outboard engines mounted externally or in compartments open to the atmosphere in accordance with the requirements of ABYC H-2, Ventilation of Boats Using Gasoline.
11.5.1.3.2. If LPG or CNG is provided on the boat, all electrical potential sources of ignition located in compartments containing LPG/CNG appliances, cylinders, fittings, valves or regulators shall be ignition protected.
EXCEPTION: For boats with LPG/CNG systems installed in accordance with ABYC A-1, Marine Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems, or ABYC A-22, Marine Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Systems, and stoves that comply with ABYC A-3, Galley Stoves, electrical devices in the following compartments are excepted:
- Accommodation spaces
- Open compartments having at least 15 square inches (968 mm2) of open area per cubic foot (0.03 m2) of net compartment volume exposed to the atmosphere outside of the craft.
11.5.1.3.3. An electrical component is isolated from a gasoline fuel source if
11.5.1.3.3.1. a bulkhead that meets the requirements of E-11.5.1.3.4 (Figure 7 and Figure 8) is between the electrical components and the gasoline fuel source; or
11.5.1.3.3.2. the electrical component is
11.5.1.3.3.2.1. lower than the gasoline fuel source and a means is provided to prevent gasoline fuel and gasoline fuel vapors that may leak from the gasoline fuel sources from becoming exposed to the electrical component, or
11.5.1.3.3.2.2. higher than the gasoline fuel source and a deck or other enclosure is between it and the gasoline fuel source, or
11.5.1.3.3.2.3. the distance between the electrical component and the gasoline fuel source is at least two
feet (610mm), and the space is open to the atmosphere. (See Figure 6.)
11.5.1.3.4. Each bulkhead required by E-
11.5.1.3.3.1 shall (see Figure 7 and Figure 8.)
11.5.1.3.4.1. separate the electrical component from the fuel source, and extend both vertically and horizontally the distance of the open space between the gasoline fuel source and the ignition source, and
11.5.1.3.4.2. resist a water level that is 12 inches (305 mm) high or one-third of the maximum height of the bulkhead, whichever is less, without seepage of more than one-quarter fluid ounce (7.5 cc) of fresh water per hour; and
11.5.1.3.4.3. shall have no opening higher than 12 inches (305 mm) or one-third the maximum height of the bulkhead, whichever is less, unless the opening is used for the passage of conductors, piping, ventilation ducts, mechanical equipment, and similar items, or doors, hatches and access panels, and the maximum annular space around each item or door, hatch, or access panel must not be more than onequarter inch (6mm)
11.5.1.3.5. To minimize the potential for migration of carbon monoxide from machinery compartments containing gasoline engines to adjacent accommodation compartments, bulkhead and deckpenetrations shall be in accordance with the requirements of ABYC H-2, Ventilation of Boats Using Gasoline.
NOTE: For additional information (See ABYC TH-
22, Educational Information About Carbon Monoxide, and ABYC TH-23, Design, Construction,
and Testing of Boats in Consideration of Carbon Monoxide.)
11.5.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.5.2.1. Two-Wire System – All direct current (DC) electrical distribution systems shall be of the two-wire type. (See Figures 9A and 9 B, and Figures 10 A and 10 B.)
EXCEPTION: Engine mounted equipment.
11.5.2.2. DC Grounding Systems and Bonding – A metallic hull, or the bonding and DC grounding systems, shall not be used as a return conductor. (See Figures 9A and 9 B, and Figures 10 A and 10 B, and E-11.18 DC Grounding and Bonding.)
11.5.2.3. Grounded Systems – If one side of a two-wire direct current system is connected to ground,it shall be the negative side and polarized as defined in E-11.4.
11.5.2.4. Multiple Engine Installation – If a boat has more than one engine with a grounded cranking motor, which includes auxiliary generator engine(s),the engines shall be connected to each other by a common conductor that can carry the cranking motor current of each of the grounded cranking motor circuits. Outboard engines shall be connected at the battery negative terminals.
11.5.2.5. Crossover (Parallel) Cranking Motor Circuits – In multiple inboard engine installations, which includes auxiliary generator(s) with cross-over (parallel) cranking motor systems, the engines shall be connected together with a cable large enough to carry the cranking motor current. This cable and its terminations shall be in addition to, and independent of, any other electrical connections to the engines including those required in E-11.5.2.4.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Installations using ungrounded DC electrical systems.
Outboard engines.
11.5.2.6. If a paralleling switch is installed, it shall be capable of carrying the largest cranking motor current.
NOTE: A paralleling switch may be either of the maintained contact or momentary contact type.
11.5.2.7. DC System Negative Connections
11.5.2.7.1. If an alternating current (AC) system is installed, the main AC system grounding bus
shall be connected to 11.5.2.7.1.1. the engine negative terminal or the DC main negative bus on grounded DC systems, or 11.5.2.7.1.2. the boat’s DC grounding bus in installations using ungrounded DC electrical systems.
(See FIGURE 18)
11.5.2.7.2. The negative terminal of the battery, and the negative side of the DC system, shall be connected to the engine negative terminal or its bus. On boats with outboard motors, the load return
lines shall be connected to the battery negative terminal or its bus, unless specific provision is made
by the outboard motor manufacturer for connection to the engine negative terminal.
11.5.2.7.3. If an accessory negative bus with provision for additional circuits is used for the connection of accessories, the ampacity of this bus, and the conductor connected to the engine negative terminal or the DC main negative bus, shall be at least equal to the ampacity of the feeder(s) to the panelboard(s) supplying the connected accessories. (See Figures 9A and 9 B, and Figures 10 A and 10 B.)
11.5.2.7.4. If the negative side of the DC system is to be connected to ground, the connection
shall be made only from the engine negative terminal, or its bus, to the DC grounding bus. This connection shall be used only as a means of maintaining the negative side of the circuit at ground potential and is not to carry current under normal operating conditions.
11.5.2.7.5. Continuously energized parts, such as positive battery terminals and both ends of all wire connected thereto, shall be physically protected with boots, or other form of protection, that cover all energized surfaces to prevent accidental short circuits.
EXCEPTION: Circuits that have overcurrent protection at the source of power in accordance with
E-11.12.
11.5.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.5.3.1. The system shall be polarized as defined in E- 11.4
11.5.3.2. A grounded neutral system is required. The neutral for AC power sources shall be grounded
only at the following points:
11.5.3.2.1. The shore power neutral is grounded through the shore power cable and shall not be grounded on board the boat.
11.5.3.2.2. The secondary neutral of an isolation transformer or polarization transformer shall be grounded at the secondary of an isolation or polarization transformer. (See DIAGRAM 5 ,
DIAGRAM 6, DIAGRAM 7, DIAGRAM 8,
DIAGRAM 9, DIAGRAM 10, DIAGRAM 11,
DIAGRAM 12, and DIAGRAM 13 . See Exception.) 11.5.3.2.3. The generator neutral shall be
grounded at the generator. (See DIAGRAM 2 or DIAGRAM 4.)
11.5.3.2.4. The inverter output neutral shall be grounded at the inverter. The inverter output neutral shall be disconnected from ground when the inverter is operating in the charger or the feed-through
mode(s). (See ABYC A-25, Power Inverters.) EXCEPTION: Exception to E-11.5.3.2.2., E- 11.5.3.2.3 and E-11.5.3.2.4: For systems using an isolation transformer or polarization transformer, both the generator or inverter neutral and the transformer secondary neutrals may be grounded at the AC main grounding bus instead of at the generator, inverter, or transformer secondaries. (See DIAGRAM 5 .)
11.5.3.3. The main AC system grounding bus shall be connected to 11.5.3.3.1. the engine negative terminal or the DC main negative bus on grounded DC systems, or 11.5.3.3.2. the boat’s DC grounding bus in installations using ungrounded DC electrical systems.
11.5.3.4. In AC circuit, all current carrying conductors and the grounding conductor shall be run together in the same cable, bundle or raceway.
11.5.3.5. There shall be no switch or overcurrent protection device in the AC grounding (green) conductor.
11.5.3.6. When more than one shore power inlet is used, the shore power neutrals shall not be connected together on board the boat.
11.5.3.7. Individual circuits shall not be capable of being energized by more than one source of
electrical power at a time. Each shore power inlet, generator, or inverter is a separate source of electrical power.
11.5.3.7.1. The transfer from one power source circuit to another shall be made by a means that opens all current-carrying conductors, including neutrals, before closing the alternate source circuit, and prevents arc-over between sources.
11.5.3.7.2. A means for disconnecting all power sources from the load shall be provided at the
same location.
EXCEPTION: Exception to E-11.5.3.7 and its subsections: The grounded neutral from a polarization transformer, isolation transformer, generator or inverter may be permanently connected to the same main AC grounding bus (See E-11.7.2.2,
DIAGRAM 5 ) and is not required to be switched.
11.5.3.8. Energized parts of electrical equipment shall be guarded against accidental contact by the use of enclosures or other protective means that shall not be used for non-electrical equipment.
11.5.3.8.1. Access to energized parts of the electrical system shall require the use of hand tools.
11.6. SYSTEM VOLTAGE
11.6.1. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.6.1.1. Nominal system voltages for AC electrical systems shall be selected from the following:
11.6.1.1.1. 120 volts AC, single phase;
11.6.1.1.2. 240 volts AC, single phase;
11.6.1.1.3. 120/240 volts AC, single phase;
11.6.1.1.4. 120/240 volts AC, delta three phase; or
11.6.1.1.5. 120/208 volts AC, Wye three phase.
11.7. POWER SOURCE
11.7.1. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.7.1.1. BATTERY
11.7.1.1.1. BATTERY CAPACITY 11.7.1.1.1.1. The battery, or battery bank, shall
have at least the cold cranking amperage required by the engine manufacturer.
11.7.1.1.1.2. The battery, or battery bank, shall have a rated reserve capacity so that,
11.7.1.1.1.2.1. for boats with one battery charging source the battery shall be capable of supplying the total load of Column A in TABLE II for a minimum of 1 1/2 hours; or 11.7.1.1.1.2.2. for boats with multiple simultaneous battery charging sources, the capacity of all charging sources, except the largest charging source shall be subtracted from the total load of Column A. The battery shall be capable of supplying the resulting differences for a minimum of 1 1/2 hours.
11.7.1.1.2. Use TABLE I for reserve capacity values, or the following formula derived from
Peukert’s equation to calculate the required reserve capacity:
T = 0.0292 x I 1.225 x 60
T = battery reserve capacity in minutes
I = total current of column A in amperes per E- 11.10.1.1
TABLE I – RESERVE CAPACITY OF BATTERIES
DERIVED FROM PEUKERT’S EQUATION
Amperes
Reserve Capacity
Minutes
5 13
10 29
15 48
20 69
25 90
30 113
35 136
40 160
45 185
55 211
55 237
60 264
65 291
70 318
75 347
80 375
85 404
90 433
95 463
100 493
105 523
110 554
NOTE: The values in Table I are calculated using
Peukert’s equation.
11.7.1.2. BATTERY SWITCH
11.7.1.2.1. A battery switch shall be installed in the positive conductor(s) from each battery or battery bank with a CCA rating greater than 800 amperes.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Trolling motor conductors connected to dedicated trolling motor batteries provided with overcurrent protection at the battery and a manual means of electrical disconnect separate from the trolling motor controls.
- Conductors supplying the following may be connected to the battery side of the switch (See FIGURE 11 ):
- Electronic equipment with continuously powered memory;
- Safety equipment such as bilge pumps, alarms, CO detectors and bilge blowers;
- Battery charging equipment.
11.7.1.2.2. A battery switch shall be mounted in a readily accessible location as close as practicable to the battery.
11.7.1.2.3. Battery Switch Ratings – The intermittent rating of a battery switch shall not be less than the maximum cranking current of the largest engine cranking motor that it serves. The minimum continuous rating of a battery switch shall be the total of the ampacities of the main overcurrent protection devices connected to the battery switch, or the ampacity of the feeder cable to the switch, whichever is less.
11.7.2. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.7.2.1. SHORE POWER
11.7.2.1.1. SHORE POWER SUPPLY
11.7.2.1.1.1. Power Inlet – The receptacle, or receptacles, installed to receive a connecting cable to carry AC shore power aboard shall be a male type connector.
11.7.2.1.1.1.1. Power inlets installed in locations subject to rain, spray, or splash shall be weatherproof whether or not in use.
11.7.2.1.1.1.2. Power inlets installed in areas subject to flooding or momentary submersion shall be of a watertight design whether or not in use.
11.7.2.1.1.1.3. Metallic power inlets installed on metallic or carbon fiber reinforced boats using an isolation transformer or a galvanic isolator shall be insulated from metallic structure and components. On non-metallic boats using an isolation transformer or a galvanic isolator the power inlet shall be insulated from metallic components connected to the boat’s ground.
11.7.2.1.1.2. Shore Power Cable – On each boat equipped with an AC shore power system, a shore power cable that contains the conductors for the power circuit and a grounding (green) conductor shall be provided.
11.7.2.1.1.2.1. Except where the shore power cable is permanently connected to the boat, the boat end of this cable shall be terminated with a locking and grounding female type connector to match the boat power inlet. (See FIGURE 13 and FIGURE 14 .)
11.7.2.1.1.2.2. The shore power cable shall be flexible cord with the minimum properties of Type SOW, STW, STOW, SEOW, or STOOW, and shall be suitable for outdoor use. The shore connection end of this cable shall be fitted with a locking and grounding type plug with the required number of poles and shall comply with Article 555 of the National Electrical Code. (See FIGURE 13 or FIGURE 14 and Table VIII A)
11.7.2.1.1.3. Shore Power Inlet Warning
11.7.2.1.1.3.1. Labels and warnings shall comply with ABYC T-5, Safety Signs and Labels.
11.7.2.1.1.3.2. Labels shall include the following informational elements:
11.7.2.1.1.3.2.1. the signal word for the level of hazard intensity;
11.7.2.1.1.3.2.2. nature of the hazard;
11.7.2.1.1.3.2.3. consequences that can result if the instructions to avoid the hazard are not followed;
and
11.7.2.1.1.3.2.4. instructions on how to avoid the hazard.
11.7.2.1.1.3.3. A permanently mounted waterproof warning sign shall be located at each shore power inlet location on the boat.
NOTE: An example of such a label follows:
WARNING
Electrical shock and fire hazard.
Failure to follow these instructions
may result in injury or death.
(1) Turn off the boat’s shore power connection switch before connecting or disconnecting the shore power cable.
(2) Connect shore power cable at the boat first.
(3) If polarity-warning indicator is activated, immediately disconnect cable.
(4) Disconnect shore power cable at shore outlet first.
(5) Close shore power inlet cover tightly.
DO NOT ALTER SHORE POWER CABLE CONNECTORS
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Item 3 is not required if a polarity indicator is not installed. (See E-11.8.)
- Items 2 and 4 are not required for permanently connected shore power cables.
11.7.2.2. APPLICATION OF TYPES OF SHORE POWER CIRCUITS
11.7.2.2.1. Single Phase 120-Volt Systems with Shore-Grounded (White) Neutral Conductor and Grounding (Green) Conductor. (See DIAGRAM 1, DIAGRAM 2, and DIAGRAM 3.)
11.7.2.2.1.1. The shore grounded (white) and ungrounded shore current carrying conductors are
connected from the shore power inlet to the boat’s AC electrical system through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both current carrying conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.2.1.2. Neither the shore grounded (white) neutral conductor nor the ungrounded current
carrying conductors shall be grounded on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.1.)
11.7.2.2.1.3. When more than one shore power inlet is used, the shore power neutrals shall not be
connected together on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.6.) 11.7.2.2.1.4. The shore-grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.3.5.),
from the shore power inlet to 11.7.2.2.1.4.1. an optional galvanic isolator, and then to 11.7.2.2.1.4.2. all non-current carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including 11.7.2.2.1.4.3. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.2.1.5. If an optional galvanic isolator is used, the shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.2.1.6. If the boat’s AC electrical system includes branch circuit breakers, the branch circuit breakers shall simultaneously open both current carrying conductors unless a polarity indicating device
is provided. (See E-11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.2.1.7. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits (see DIAGRAM 1, DIAGRAM
2, and DIAGRAM 3)
DIAGRAM 1 – (See E-11.7.2.2.1.)
Note: this diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to the appropriate text
DIAGRAM 2 – (See E-11.7.2.2.1.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
DIAGRAM 3 – (See E-11.7.2.2.1.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
11.7.2.2.2. Single Phase 120/240 Volt System With Shore Grounded (White) Neutral Conductor And Grounding (Green) Conductor. (See DIAGRAM 4.)
11.7.2.2.2.1. Each ungrounded shore conductor is connected from the shore power inlet to the boat’s
AC electrical system through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both
ungrounded current carrying conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of the simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.2.2.2. The shore grounded (white) neutral conductor from the shore power inlet is connected to the neutral conductors in the boat’s AC electrical system without overcurrent protection devices. (See E- 11.5.3.2.)
EXCEPTION: An overcurrent protection device may be used in the shore grounded neutral conductor provided the overcurrent protection device simultaneously opens all current carrying conductors in the circuits.
11.7.2.2.3. The generator or inverter neutral is grounded at the generator or inverter. (See E- 11.5.3.2.3.)
11.7.2.2.4. Neither the shore grounded (white) neutral conductor nor ungrounded current carrying conductors shall be grounded on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.1.)
11.7.2.2.5. When more than one shore power inlet is used, the shore power neutrals shall not be
connected together on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.6.)
11.7.2.2.6. The shore-grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5), from the shore power inlet to 11.7.2.2.6.1. an optional galvanic isolator, and then to 11.7.2.2.6.2. all non-current carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including 11.7.2.2.6.3. the engine negative terminal or its
bus.
11.7.2.2.6.4. If an optional galvanic isolator is used the shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be
electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.2.7. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole in the ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.2.8. 240-volt branch circuit breakers shall simultaneously open all current carrying conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.2.)
11.7.2.2.9. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 4.) DIAGRAM 4 – (See E-11.7.2.2.2)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text
11.7.2.3. Polarization Transformer System with A Single Phase 240 Volt Input and a 120/240-Volt
Output, And Generator Illustrating the Use Of Main AC Grounding Bus. (See DIAGRAM 5 .)
11.7.2.3.1. Each ungrounded shore current carrying conductor is connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the polarization transformer through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both ungrounded current carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used in
lieu of the simultaneous trip devices. See E- 11.12.2.9.2.
11.7.2.3.2. The shore grounded (white) terminal of the shore power inlet is not connected on the boat.
11.7.2.3.3. The shore grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5), from the shore power inlet to 11.7.2.3.3.1. an optional galvanic isolator, and then to
11.7.2.3.3.2. the transformer grounded secondary terminal, and
11.7.2.3.3.3. the transformer metal case, and
11.7.2.3.3.4. to all non-current carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.3.3.5. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.3.4. If an optional galvanic isolator is used the shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.3.5. The secondary of the polarization transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See
E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.3.6. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole breakers in the ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.3.7. 240-volt branch circuit breakers shall simultaneously open all current carrying conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.2.)
11.7.2.3.8. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 5 .)
DIAGRAM 5 – (See E-11.7.2.3.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text
11.7.2.4. Isolation Transformer System with Single Phase 120 Volt Input, 120-Volt Output with
Boat Grounded Secondary. Transformer Shield and Metal Case Grounded on the Shore. (See DIAGRAM 6.)
11.7.2.4.1. The shore grounded (white) and ungrounded shore current carrying conductors are connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the isolation transformer through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both current-carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of the simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.4.2. The shore grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5), from the shore power inlet to
11.7.2.4.2.1. the transformer metal case, and
11.7.2.4.2.2. the transformer shield.
11.7.2.4.3. The shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.4.4. The transformer case is protected by a ventilated nonconductive enclosure.
11.7.2.4.5. The secondary of the isolation transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.4.6. The boat grounding system (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E- 11.5.2.5), from
11.7.2.4.6.1. the transformer grounded secondary terminal , and
11.7.2.4.6.2. to all non-current-carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.4.6.3. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.4.7. 120 -volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole breakers in the ungrounded current-carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.4.8. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 6.) DIAGRAM 6 – (See E-11.7.2.4.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text
11.7.2.5. Isolation Transformer System with a Single Phase 120-Volt Input, 120-Volt Output with Boat Grounded Secondary. Transformer Shield Grounded On the Shore. Transformer Metal Case Grounded on the Boat. (See DIAGRAM 7.)
11.7.2.5.1. The shore grounded (white) and ungrounded shore current carrying conductors are connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the isolation transformer through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both current carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of the simultaneous trip devices. (See E- 11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.5.2. The shore grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.3.4), from the shore power inlet to
11.7.2.5.2.1. the isolation transformer shield.
11.7.2.5.3. The shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.5.4. The secondary of the isolation transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.) 11.7.2.5.5. The boat grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.3.4), from 11.7.2.5.5.1. the transformer grounded secondary terminal,
11.7.2.5.5.2. the transformer metal case , and
11.7.2.5.5.3. to all non-current-carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.5.5.4. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.5.5.5. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole breakers in the ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.5.5.6. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See E-11.5.3.1.) DIAGRAM 7 – (See E-11.7.2.5.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text
11.7.2.6. Isolation Transformer System with a Single Phase 120-Volt Output with Ground Fault Protection and Boat Grounded Secondary. Transformer Shield and Metal Case Grounded on the Boat. (See DIAGRAM 8.)
11.7.2.6.1. The shore grounded (white) and ungrounded shore current carrying conductors are connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the isolation transformer through a ground fault protection device (See E-11.13) that simultaneously opens both current carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of the simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.6.2. The shore grounding (green) terminal of the shore power inlet is not connected on the boat.
11.7.2.6.3. The shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.6.4. The secondary of the isolation transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.) 11.7.2.6.5. The boat grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5), from
11.7.2.6.5.1. the transformer grounded secondary terminal,
11.7.2.6.5.2. the transformer metal case,
11.7.2.6.5.3. the transformer shield, and
11.7.2.6.5.4. to all non-current-carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.6.5.5. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.6.5.6. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single-pole breakers in the
ungrounded current-carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.6.5.7. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 8.) DIAGRAM 8 – (See E-11.7.2.6.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete System. Refer to appropriate text.
11.7.2.7. Isolation Transformer System with Single Phase 240 Volt Input, 120/240-Volt Output with a Boat Grounded Secondary. Transformer Shield and Metal Case Grounded on the Shore. (See DIAGRAM 9.)
11.7.2.7.1. Each ungrounded shore current carrying conductor is connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the isolation transformer through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both current-carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of the simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.7.2. The shore grounded (white) terminal of the shore power inlet is not connected on the boat.
11.7.2.7.3. The shore grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.3.4), from the shore power inlet to
11.7.2.7.3.1. the transformer metal case and
11.7.2.7.3.2. the transformer shield.
11.7.2.7.4. The shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.7.5. The transformer case is protected by a ventilated non-conductive enclosure.
11.7.2.7.6. The secondary of the isolation transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.7.7. The boat-grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5.),
from
11.7.2.7.7.1. the transformer grounded secondary terminal, and
11.7.2.7.7.2. to all non-current carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.7.7.3. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.7.8. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole breakers in the ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.7.9. 240-volt branch circuit breakers shall simultaneously open all current-carrying conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.2.)
11.7.2.7.10. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 9.) DIAGRAM 9 – (See E-11.7.2.7.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text
11.7.2.8. Isolation Transformer System with Single Phase 240 Volt Input, 120/240-Volt Output with Boat Grounded Secondary. Transformer Shield Grounded on the Shore. Transformer Metal Case Grounded on the Boat. (See DIAGRAM 10.)
11.7.2.8.1. Each ungrounded shore current carrying conductor is connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the isolation transformer through an overcurrent protection device that simultaneously opens both current carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.8.2. The shore grounded (white) terminal of the shore power inlet is not connected on the boat.
11.7.2.8.3. The shore grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5), from the shore power inlet to the transformer shield.
11.7.2.8.4. The shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.8.5. The secondary of the isolation transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.8.6. The boat grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.3.4), from
11.7.2.8.6.1. the transformer grounded secondary terminal,
11.7.2.8.6.2. the transformer metal case, and
11.7.2.8.6.3. to all non-current carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.8.6.4. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.8.7. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole breakers in the ungrounded current-carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.8.8. 240-volt branch circuit breakers shall simultaneously open all current-carrying conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.2.)
11.7.2.8.9. Polarization of conductors must be observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 10.) DIAGRAM 10 – (See E-11.7.2.8.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
11.7.2.9. Isolation Transformer System with Single-Phase 240-Volt Input, 120/240-Volt Output With Ground Fault Protection and Boat Grounded Secondary. Transformer Shield and Metal Case Grounded on the Boat. (See DIAGRAM 11.)
11.7.2.9.1. Each ungrounded shore current carrying conductor is connected from the shore power inlet to the primary winding of the isolation transformer through a ground fault protection device that simultaneously opens both current-carrying shore conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.9.2. The shore grounded (white) terminal of the shore power inlet is not connected on the boat.
11.7.2.9.3. The shore grounding (green) terminal of the shore power inlet is not connected on the boat.
11.7.2.9.4. The shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.9.5. The secondary of the isolation transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.9.6. The boat grounding (green) conductor is connected, without interposing switches or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5), from
11.7.2.9.6.1. the transformer grounded secondary terminal,
11.7.2.9.6.2. the transformer metal case,
11.7.2.9.6.3. the transformer shield and
11.7.2.9.6.4. to all non-current carrying parts of the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.9.6.5. the engine negative terminal or its bus.
11.7.2.9.7. 120-volt branch circuit breakers are permitted to be single pole breakers in the
ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E- 11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.9.8. 240-volt branch circuit breakers shall simultaneously open all current carrying
conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.2.)
11.7.2.9.9. Polarization of conductors must be
observed in all circuits. (See DIAGRAM 11.)
DIAGRAM 11 – (See E-11.7.2.9.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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Power source – Application of type of shore power
circuits – Continued
11.7.2.10. Polarization Transformer System
with a Single Phase 120-Volt Input, 120-Volt Output
and Shore Grounded Secondary. (See DIAGRAM
12.)
11.7.2.10.1. The shore grounded (white) and
ungrounded shore current carrying conductors are
connected from the shore power inlet to the primary
winding of the polarization transformer through an
overcurrent protection device that simultaneously
opens both current carrying shore conductors. Fuses
shall not be used instead of the simultaneous trip
devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.10.2. The shore grounding (green)
conductor is connected, without interposing switches
or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5),
from the shore power inlet to
11.7.2.10.2.1. an optional galvanic isolator, and
then to
11.7.2.10.2.2. the transformer grounded
secondary terminal,
11.7.2.10.2.3. the transformer metal case and
11.7.2.10.2.4. to all non-current carrying parts of
the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.10.2.5. the engine negative terminal or its
bus.
11.7.2.10.3. If an optional galvanic isolator is
used the shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be
electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.10.4. The secondary of the polarization
transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See
E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.10.5. 120-volt branch circuit breakers
are permitted to be single pole breakers in the
ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E-
11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.10.6. Polarization of conductors must be
observed in all circuits.(See DIAGRAM 12.)
DIAGRAM 12 – (See E-11.7.2.10.)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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Power source – Application of type of shore power
circuits – Continued
11.7.2.11. Polarization Transformer System with a
Single-Phase 240-Volt Input, 120/240-Volt Output
and Shore Grounded Secondary. (See DIAGRAM
13 .)
11.7.2.11.1. Each ungrounded shore current
carrying conductor is connected from the shore power
inlet to the primary winding of the polarization
transformer through an overcurrent protection device
that simultaneously opens both current-carrying shore
conductors. Fuses shall not be used instead of
simultaneous trip devices. (See E-11.12.2.9.2.)
11.7.2.11.2. The shore grounding (green)
conductor is connected, without interposing switches
or overcurrent protection devices (See E-11.5.2.5),
from the shore power inlet to
11.7.2.11.2.1. an optional galvanic isolator, and
then to
11.7.2.11.2.2. the transformer grounded
secondary terminal,
11.7.2.11.2.3. the transformer metal case and
11.7.2.11.2.4. to all non-current carrying parts of
the boat’s AC electrical system, including
11.7.2.11.2.5. the engine negative terminal or its
bus.
11.7.2.11.3. If an optional galvanic isolator is
used the shell of a metallic shore power inlet shall be
electrically insulated from the boat.
11.7.2.11.4. The secondary of the polarization
transformer is grounded (polarized) on the boat. (See
E-11.5.3.2.2 and E-11.5.3.2.3 Exception.)
11.7.2.11.5. 120-volt branch circuit breakers
are permitted to be single pole breakers in the
ungrounded current carrying conductors. (See E-
11.12.2.6.1 Exception.)
11.7.2.11.6. 240-volt branch circuit breakers
shall simultaneously open all current carrying
conductors. (See E-11.12.2.6.2.)
11.7.2.11.7. Polarization of conductors must be
observed in all circuits.
11.7.2.11.8. The shore neutral shall not be
connected.
DIAGRAM 13 (See E-11.7.2.11)
Note: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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11.7.3. AC GENERATOR
11.7.3.1. AC generators shall be connected to the
electrical distribution system as required in E-11.5.3.7
(See E-11.7.2.2.1, DIAGRAM 3, DIAGRAM 4, and
DIAGRAM 5 .)
11.7.3.2. The power feeder conductor from the
AC generator shall be sized to at least accommodate
the generator’s maximum rated output and shall be
protected at the generator with overcurrent protection
devices in accordance with E-11.12.2.1, E-11.12.2.2
and E-11.12.2.3. The rating of these overcurrent
protection devices shall not exceed 120 percent of the
generator rated output.
EXCEPTION: Self limiting generators, whose
maximum overload current does not exceed 120
percent of its rated current output, do not require
additional external overcurrent protection.
11.8. SHORE POWER POLARITY DEVICES
11.8.1. Reverse polarity indicating devices
providing a continuous visible or audible signal shall
be installed in 120 V AC shore power systems and
must respond to the reversal of the ungrounded (black)
and the grounded (white) conductors (See E-
11.7.2.2.1, DIAGRAM 2,) if
11.8.1.1. the polarity of the system must be
maintained for the proper operation of the electrical
devices in the system, or
11.8.1.2. a branch circuit is provided with
overcurrent protection in only the ungrounded currentcarrying
conductors per E-11.12.2.6.1 Exception.
NOTES: 1. Reverse polarity indicating devices
respond to the reversal of an ungrounded conductor
and the grounded (white) conductor only when there
is continuity of the grounding (green) conductor to
shore.
- Reverse polarity indicating devices might not
respond to reversals of an ungrounded conductor
and the grounding (green) conductor, the grounded
(white) conductor and the grounding (green)
conductor, or three-phase conductors.
11.8.2. Reverse polarity indicating devices are
not required in systems employing polarization or
isolation transformers that establish the polarity on the
boat.
11.8.3. The total impedance of polarity
indicating and protection devices connected between
normal current carrying conductors (grounded [white]
conductor and ungrounded [black] conductor) and the
grounding conductor shall not be less than 25,000
ohms at 120 volts, 60 hertz at all times.
11.9. ISOLATION OF GALVANIC CURRENTS
NOTE: Boats with aluminum or steel hulls or
aluminum outdrives are subject to galvanic
corrosion because the boat ground is electrically
connected to the shore ground (via the grounding
conductor). An isolation transformer system, or a
galvanic isolator in the grounding conductor, may be
used to reduce this problem. (See E-11.7.2.2.)
11.9.1. If used, an isolation transformer shall
be of the encapsulated type and shall meet the
requirements of UL 1561, Dry Type General Purpose
and Power Transformers and the following additional
requirements: (See E-11.7.2.2, DIAGRAM 6,
DIAGRAM 7, DIAGRAM 8, DIAGRAM 9,
DIAGRAM 10, and DIAGRAM 11.)
11.9.1.1. A metallic shield shall be located
between the primary and secondary winding and be
electrically insulated from all other portions of the
transformer. It shall be designed to withstand, without
breakdown, a high potential test of 4000 volts AC, 60
Hz, for one minute, applied between the shield and all
other components such as windings, core, and outside
enclosure.
NOTE: Breakdown is considered to have occurred
when the current which flows as a result of the
application of the test voltage rapidly increases in an
uncontrolled manner.
11.9.1.2. A separate insulated wire lead or
terminal identified as the shield connection is to be
solidly connected only to the shield, and brought out
for external connection and shall be equal to or greater
than the aggregate circular mil area of the largest
transformer phase conductor(s).
11.9.1.3. The shield and its connection are to be
of sufficient ampacity to provide a sustained fault
current path for either the primary or secondary
windings to ensure operation of the main shore power
disconnect circuit breaker when subjected to a fault
current level in accordance with TABLE V – B .
11.9.1.4. The transformer shall be tested and
labeled by an independent laboratory to establish
compliance with the requirements of E-11.9.1
11.9.1.5. The transformer case is to be metallic
with a grounding terminal provided.
11.9.1.6. If used, a galvanic isolator shall meet
the requirements of ABYC A-28, Galvanic Isolators
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11.10. LOAD CALCULATIONS
11.10.1. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.10.1.1. The following method shall be used for
calculating the total electrical load requirements for
determining the minimum size of each panelboard,
switchboard, and their main conductors. Additionally
this information may be used to size the alternator, or
other charging means, and the battery. (See E-
11.7.1.1.1 and ABYC E-10, Storage Batteries.)
11.10.1.1.1. In column A of TABLE II,
Electrical Load Requirements Worksheet, list the
current rating (amps) of the loads that must be
available for use on a continuous duty basis for normal
operations;
11.10.1.1.2. In column B of TABLE II, list the
current rating (amps) of the remaining loads that are
intermittent, and total these loads. Take 10% of the
total load in column B, or the current draw of the
largest item, whichever is greater, and add this value
to the total from column A to establish the total
electrical load.
NOTE: Calculations are based on the actual
operating amperage for each load, and not on the
rating of the circuit breaker or fuse protecting that
branch circuit.
TABLE II – ELECTRICAL LOAD REQUIREMENT
WORKSHEET
A B
AMPERES AMPERES
Navigation Lights Cigarette
Lighter
Bilge Blower(s) Cabin Lighting
Bilge Pump(s) Horn
Wiper(s) Additional
Electronic
Equipment
Largest Radio
(Transmit Mode)
Trim Tabs
Depth Sounder Power Trim
Radar Toilets
Searchlight Anchor
Windlass
Instrument(s) Winches
Alarm System
(standby mode)
Fresh Water
Pump(s)
Refrigerator
Engine Electronics
Total
Column A
Total Column
B
10% Column B
Largest Item in
Column B
Total Load Required
Total Column A _____
Total Column B _____ (The larger of 10% of
Colum B or the largest item)
Total Load _____
11.10.2. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.10.2.1. POWER SOURCE OPTIONS
The method shown in E-11.10.2.2 shall be used for
calculating the total electrical load requirements for
determining the size of panelboards and their feeder
conductors along with generator, inverter, and shore
power capacities. The total power required shall be
supplied by one of the following means.
11.10.2.1.1. Single Shore Power Cable – A
shore power cable, power inlet, wiring, and
components with a minimum capacity to supply the
total load as calculated, complying with E-11.7.2.1.1.
11.10.2.1.2. Multiple Shore Power Cables –
Multiple shore power cables, power inlets, wiring, and
components shall have a minimum total capacity to
supply the total load as calculated complying with E-
11.7.2.1.1. All sources need not be of equal capacity,
but each power inlet shall be clearly marked to
indicate voltage, ampacity, phase (if a three phase
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Power Source Options – AC Systems-Continued
system is incorporated), and the load or selector
switch that it serves.
11.10.2.1.3. On Board AC Generator(s) or
Inverter(s) – On board AC generator(s) or inverter(s)
to supply the total load as calculated. Total minimum
installed KVA for a single phase system is as follows:
KVA =
Maximum Total Leg Amps. X System Voltage
1000
11.10.2.1.4. Combination of Shore Power
Cable(s), On-board Generator(s) and Inverter(s) –
A combination of power sources, used simultaneously
if the boat circuitry is arranged such that the load
connected to each source is isolated from the other in
accordance with E-11.5.3.6. Shore power cable(s)
plus on-board generator(s) and inverter(s) capacity
shall be at least as large as the total electrical load
requirements as calculated. Generator(s) and
inverters(s) installation and switching shall be as
required in E-11.7.3.
11.10.2.2. LOAD CALCULATIONS
11.10.2.2.1. The following is the method for
load calculation to determine the minimum size of
panelboards and their main feeder conductors as well
as the size of the power source(s) supplying these
devices. (See E-11.10.2.1.)
11.10.2.2.1.1. Lighting Fixtures and Receptacles
– Length times width of living space (excludes spaces
exclusively for machinery and open deck areas) times
20 watts per square meter (2 watts per square foot).
Formula:
Length (meters) x width (meters) x 20 =
_________ lighting watts, or
Length (feet) x width (feet) x 2 =
________ lighting watts.
11.10.2.2.2. Small Appliances – Galley and
Dinette Areas – Number of circuits times 1,500 watts
for each 20 ampere appliance circuits.
Formula: Number of circuits x 1,500 = _________
small appliance watts.
11.10.2.2.3. Total
Formula:
Lighting watts plus small appliance watts =
_________ total watts.
11.10.2.2.4. Load Factor
Formula: First 2,000 total watts at 100% =
_________.
Remaining total watts x 35% = _________.
Total watts divided by system voltage =
_________amperes.
11.10.2.2.5. If a shore power system is to
operate on 240 volts, split and balance loads into Leg
A and Leg B. If a shore power system is to operate on
120 volts, use Leg A only.
Leg A / Leg B
______/______ Total Amperes
11.10.2.2.6. Add nameplate amperes for motor
and heater loads
______ /______exhaust and supply fans
______ / _____air conditioners *,**
______ / _____electric, gas, or oil heaters* ______ /
_____25% of largest motor in above items
______/_____Sub-Total
NOTE: *Omit smaller of these two, except include
any motor common to both functions.
**If system consists of three or more independent
units adjust the total by multiplying by 75% diversity
factor.
11.10.2.2.7. Add nameplate amperes at
indicated use factor percentage for fixed loads:
Leg A / Leg B
______ ______Disposal -10%
______ ______Water Heater – 100%
______ ______Wall Mounted Ovens – 75%
______ ______Cooking Units – 75%
______ ______Refrigerator -100%
______ ______Freezer – 100%
______ ______Ice Maker – 50%
______ ______Dishwasher – 25%
______ ______Washing Machine – 25%
______ ______Dryer – 25%
______ ______Trash Compactor – 10%
______ ______Air Compressor – 10%
______ ______Battery Chargers – 100%
______ ______Vacuum System – 10%
______ ______Other Fixed Appliances
______ ______Sub-Total
______ ______**Adjusted Sub-Total
NOTE: **If four or more appliances are installed on
a leg, adjust the sub-total of that leg by multiplying
by 60% diversity factor.
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Load Calculations – AC Systems – Continued
11.10.2.2.8. Determine Total Loads
Leg A / Leg B
______ ______lighting, receptacles, and small
appliances (from E-11.10.2.2.5)
______ ______motors and heater loads (from E-
11.10.2.2.6)
______ ______fixed appliances (from E-
11.10.2.2.7)
______ ______ free standing range (See NOTE 1)
______ ______calculated total amperes (load)
NOTES: 1. Add amperes for free standing range as
distinguished from separate oven and cooking units.
Derive by dividing watts from TABLE III by the
supply voltage, e.g., 120 volts or 240 volts.
- If the total for Legs A and B are unequal, use the
larger value to determine the total power required
11.11. PANELBOARD
11.11.1. GENERAL
11.11.1.1. Boats equipped with both AC and DC
electrical systems shall have their distribution on
separate panelboards, or in the case of systems with
combined AC and DC panelboards, the panel shall be
designed so that when the panel is open there is no
access to energized AC parts without the use of tools.
11.11.1.2. A panelboard shall be installed in a
readily accessible location and shall be weatherproof
or be protected from weather and splash.
11.11.2. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.11.2.1. Panelboards shall be designed so that
there are no exposed energized AC parts accessible to
the operator when the DC panel is open.
11.11.2.2. Panelboards used on boats with more
than one system voltage shall have a permanent
marking showing the system voltage and its type
(DC).
11.11.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.11.3.1. Panelboard marking
11.11.3.1.1. The face of panelboards shall be
permanently marked with the system voltage and
either “VAC” or system frequency.
EXAMPLE: “120 VAC,” or “120V-60 hertz.”
11.11.3.1.2. If the frequency is other than 60
hertz, the frequency shall be indicated.
11.11.3.1.3. For three phase systems the
system voltage, phase, and number of conductors shall
be indicated.
11.11.3.2. A system voltmeter shall be installed
on the main panelboard if the system is permanently
connected to
11.11.3.2.1. motor circuits, or
11.11.3.2.2. a generator, or
11.11.3.2.3. an inverter. If the inverter does not
have a true sinusoidal output, the voltmeter shall be a
true RMS type. (See ABYC A-25, Power Inverters.)
EXCEPTION: The inverter voltmeter may be
installed in proximity to the panelboard.
11.12. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
11.12.1. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.12.1.1. Battery Charging Sources
11.12.1.1.1. Each ungrounded conductor
connected to a battery charger, alternator, or other
charging source, shall be provided with overcurrent
protection within a distance of seven inches (175mm)
of the point of connection to the DC electrical system
or to the battery.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. If the conductor is connected
directly to the battery terminal and is contained
throughout its entire distance in a sheath or
enclosure such as a conduit, junction box, control
box or enclosed panel, the overcurrent protection
shall be placed as close as practicable to the battery,
but not to exceed 72 inches (1.83m).
- If the conductor is connected to a source of power
other than a battery terminal and is contained
throughout its entire distance in a sheath or
enclosure such as a conduit, junction box, control
box or enclosed panel, the overcurrent protection
shall be placed as close as practicable to the point of
connection to the source of power, but not to exceed
40 inches (1.02m). Overcurrent protection is not
required in conductors from self-limiting alternators
with integral regulators if the conductor is less than
40 inches (1.02m), is connected to a source of power
other than the battery, and is contained throughout
its entire distance in a sheath or enclosure.
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Overcurrent Protection – DC Systems – Continued
11.12.1.1.2. In addition to the provisions of E-
11.12.1.1.1, the ungrounded conductor shall be
provided with overcurrent protection within the
charging source, or within seven inches (175mm) of
the charging source, based on the maximum output of
the device.
EXCEPTION: Self-limiting devices.
11.12.1.2. Overcurrent Protection Device
Location – Ungrounded conductors shall be provided
with overcurrent protection within a distance of seven
inches (175mm) of the point at which the conductor is
connected to the source of power measured along the
conductor. (See FIGURE 15.)
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Cranking motor conductors.
- If the conductor is connected directly to the
battery terminal and is contained throughout its
entire distance in a sheath or enclosure such as a
conduit, junction box, control box or enclosed panel,
the overcurrent protection shall be placed as close as
practicable to the battery, but not to exceed 72 inches
(1.83m).
- If the conductor is connected to a source of power
other than a battery terminal and is contained
throughout its entire distance in a sheath or
enclosure such as a conduit, junction box, control
box or enclosed panel, the overcurrent protection
shall be placed as close as practicable to the point of
connection to the source of power, but not to exceed
40 inches (1.02m).
NOTE: See Section E- 11.16.4, Installation.
11.12.1.3. Motors or motor operated Equipment –
Motors and motor operated equipment, except for
engine cranking motors, shall be protected internally
at the equipment, or by branch circuit overcurrent
protection devices suitable for motor current. The
protection provided shall preclude a fire hazard if the
circuit, as installed, is energized for seven hours under
any conditions of overload, including locked rotor.
NOTES: 1. It may be necessary to use thermally
responsive protection devices on the equipment or
system if the motor is not capable of operating
continuously at maximum possible loading.
- It may be necessary to test as installed in order to
assure compliance with the locked rotor requirement.
Voltage drop, due to wire size, and delay
characteristics of the overcurrent protection device
may have to be adjusted to protect the motor.
11.12.1.4. Non-motor Loads – The rating of
overcurrent protection devices used to protect a load
other than a DC motor shall not exceed 150 percent of
the ampacity of its supply conductor. (See TABLE
IV .)
11.12.1.5. Branch Circuits
11.12.1.5.1. Each ungrounded conductor of a
branch circuit shall be provided with overcurrent
protection at the point of connection to the main
switchboard unless the main circuit breaker or fuse
provides such protection.
11.12.1.5.2. Each fuse or trip-free circuit
breaker shall be rated in accordance with E-11.12.1.3
and E-11.12.1.4 and shall not exceed 150 percent of
the conductor ampacity in TABLE IV . (See FIGURE
15.)
11.12.1.6. Panelboards and Switchboards – A tripfree
circuit breaker or a fuse shall be installed at the
source of power for panelboards and switchboards,
and shall not exceed 100 percent of the load capacity
of that panel, or 100 percent of the current carrying
capacity of the feeders.
EXCEPTION: The trip-free circuit breaker or fuse
at the source of power may be rated at up to 150
percent of the conductor ampacity if there is a submain
circuit breaker or fuse in the panelboard or
switchboard that is rated at no more than 100
percent of the load capacity, or the feeder ampacity,
whichever is less. (See FIGURE 16 .)
11.12.1.7. Circuit Breakers
11.12.1.7.1. Circuit breakers installed in spaces
requiring ignition protection shall comply with SAE
J1171, External Ignition Protection of Marine
Devices, or UL 1500, Ignition Protection Test for
Marine Products. If internal explosion tests are
required, the ignition of the test gas shall be created at
four times the current rating of the device being tested.
11.12.1.7.2. Circuit breakers shall
11.12.1.7.2.1. have a DC voltage rating of not
less than the nominal system voltage, and
11.12.1.7.2.2. be of the trip-free type, and
11.12.1.7.2.3. be capable of an interrupting
capacity according to TABLE V, and remain operable
after the fault,
EXCEPTION: Integral overcurrent protection in
electrical devices.
NOTES: 1. A fuse in series with, and ahead of the
circuit breaker, may be used to comply with TABLE
V.
- Consult the circuit breaker manufacturer to
determine the fuse size and the type of fuse.
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Circuit Breakers – Continued
11.12.1.7.2.4. be of the manual reset type except
as provided in E-11.12.1.9.
11.12.1.8. Fuses
11.12.1.8.1. Fuses shall have a voltage rating
of not less than the nominal system voltage.
11.12.1.8.2. Fuses installed in spaces requiring
ignition protection shall comply with SAE J1171,
External Ignition Protection for Marine Devices, or
UL 1500, Ignition Protection Test for Marine
Products. If internal explosion tests are required, the
ignition of the test gas shall be created at four times
the rating of the fuse.
11.12.1.9. Integral Overcurrent Protection
Devices – Integral overcurrent protection devices
without a manual reset may be used as an integral part
of an electrical device provided the rest of the circuit
is protected by a trip-free circuit protection device(s)
or a fuse(s).
11.12.1.10. Pigtails – Pigtails less than 7 inches
(175mm) in length are exempt from overcurrent
protection requirements.
11.12.2. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.12.2.1. Rating of Overcurrent Protection
Devices – Overcurrent protection devices shall have a
temperature rating and demand load characteristics
consistent with the protected circuit and their location
in the boat, i.e. machinery space or other space. (See
E-11.5.1.1.)
11.12.2.2. The current rating of the overcurrent
protection device shall not exceed the maximum
current carrying capacity of the conductor being
protected. (See TABLE VII and TABLE XIII)
EXCEPTION: If there is not a standard current
rating of the overcurrent protection device equal to
100 percent of the allowable current for the
conductor in TABLE V, the next larger standard
current rating may be used, provided it does not
exceed 150 percent of the current allowed by TABLE
VII or TABLE XIII.
11.12.2.3. The AC voltage rating of the
overcurrent protection device shall not be less than the
nominal voltage of the supply circuit.
11.12.2.4. Each transformer shall be provided
with overcurrent protection for the primary circuit that
also provides protection for the secondary winding(s).
11.12.2.4.1. This overcurrent feeder protection
device shall open all primary feeder conductors
simultaneously, and
11.12.2.4.1.1. it shall be rated at not more than
125% of the rated primary current of the transformer.
EXCEPTION: Feeder conductors for 120/240 -volt
primary circuits require protection only in the
ungrounded conductors.
11.12.2.5. If the transformer secondary is wired to
provide 120/240 -volt (three wire) output on the
secondary, the transformer shall also be protected on
the secondary side by a circuit breaker that
simultaneously will open all the ungrounded
conductors. This overcurrent protection shall be rated
at not more than 125 percent of the rated secondary
current of the transformer.
11.12.2.6. Branch Circuits – Each ungrounded
conductor of a branch circuit shall be provided with
overcurrent protection at the point of connection to the
panelboard bus. Each circuit breaker or fuse used for
this purpose shall be rated not to exceed the current
rating of the smallest conductor between the fuse or
circuit breaker and the load.
EXCEPTION: If there is not a standard current
rating of the overcurrent protection device equal to
100 percent of the allowable current for the
conductor in TABLE VII , the next larger standard
current rating may be used, provided it does not
exceed 150 percent of the current allowed by TABLE
VII or TABLE XIII.
11.12.2.6.1. For boats wired with 120 volt,
single-phase systems, branch circuit breakers shall
simultaneously open both current-carrying conductors.
Fuses shall not be used. (See E-11.7.2.2.1, DIAGRAM
1, and DIAGRAM 2.)
EXCEPTION: Branch circuit breakers may open
only the ungrounded current carrying conductor if
the AC system on the boat is equipped with a polarity
indicator, or transformer.
11.12.2.6.2. If branch circuits contain two or
more ungrounded current carrying conductors
protected by fuses, means shall be provided to
disconnect all energized legs of the circuit
simultaneously or remove all fuses from the circuit
simultaneously.
11.12.2.6.3. If a branch circuit contains two or
more ungrounded current-carrying conductors
protected by a circuit breaker, the circuit breakers
shall be of the simultaneous trip type.
11.12.2.7. AC Motors – Each motor
installation, and each motor of a motor operated
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Overcurrent Protection – AC Systems – Continued
device, shall be individually protected by an
overcurrent or thermal protection device.
EXCEPTION: Motors that will not overheat under
locked rotor conditions.
11.12.2.8. Circuit breakers shall meet the
requirements of UL 489, Molded Case Circuit
Protectors For Circuit Breaker Enclosures, or UL
1077, Supplementary Protectors For Use In Electrical
Equipment, or UL 1133, Boat Circuit Breakers, and
11.12.2.8.1. shall be of the manually reset tripfree
type, and
11.12.2.8.2. shall be capable of an interrupting
capacity in accordance with TABLE V – B .
EXCEPTION: Integral overcurrent protection in
electrical devices.
11.12.2.8.2.1. Generator circuit breaker ampere
interrupting capacity (rms) shall be selected
considering available transient short circuit current
(first half cycle).
11.12.2.9. Location of Overcurrent Protection
11.12.2.9.1. General Requirements
11.12.2.9.1.1. Each ungrounded current carrying
conductor shall be protected by a circuit breaker or
fuse.
11.12.2.9.1.2. A circuit breaker or fuse shall be
placed at the source of power for each circuit or
conductor except that
11.12.2.9.1.2.1. if it is physically impractical to
place the circuit breaker or fuse at the source of
power, it can be placed within seven inches (178 mm)
of the source of power for each circuit or conductor,
measured along the conductor.
11.12.2.9.1.2.2. If it is physically impractical to
place the circuit breaker or fuse at or within seven
inches of the source of power, it can be placed within
40 inches (102 cm) of the source of power for each
circuit or conductor, measured along the conductor, if
the conductor is contained throughout its entire
distance between the source of power and the required
circuit breaker or fuse in a sheath or enclosure such as
a junction box, control box, or enclosed panel.
EXCEPTION: Exception to E-11.12.2.9.1.2.
Overcurrent protection as required in sections E-
11.12.2.9.3 and E-11.12.2.9.4.
11.12.2.9.2. Simultaneous trip circuit breakers
shall be provided in power feeder conductors as
follows:
11.12.2.9.2.1. 120 volt AC, single phase –
ungrounded and grounded conductors (white),
11.12.2.9.2.2. 240 volt AC, single phase – both
ungrounded conductors,
11.12.2.9.2.3. 120/240 volt AC, single phase –
both ungrounded conductors,
11.12.2.9.2.4. 120/240 volt AC, delta three phase
– all ungrounded conductors,
11.12.2.9.2.5. 120/208 volt AC, Wye three phase
– all ungrounded conductors.
11.12.2.9.3. If the location of the main shore
power disconnect circuit breaker is in excess of 10 feet
(three meters) from the shore power inlet or the
electrical attachment point of a permanently installed
shore power cord, additional fuses or circuit breakers
shall be provided within 10 feet (three meters) of the
inlet or attachment point to the electrical system of the
boat. Measurement is made along the conductors.
11.12.2.9.3.1. If fuses are used in addition to the
main shore power disconnect circuit breaker, their
rating shall be such that the circuit breakers trip before
the fuses open the circuit, in the event of overload.
The ampere rating of the additional fuses or circuit
breaker shall not be greater than 125% of the rating of
the main shore power disconnect circuit breaker. For
120-volt service, both the grounded and ungrounded
current carrying conductors shall be provided with this
additional overcurrent protection.
11.12.2.9.4. If required, overcurrent protection
for power-feeder conductors from AC generators and
inverters, shall be within seven inches (180 mm) of the
output connections or may be within 40 inches (1.0
meter) of the output connections if the unprotected
insulated conductors are contained throughout their
entire distance in a sheath or enclosure such as a
conduit, junction box or enclosed panel.
11.13. GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
11.13.1. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.13.1.1. If installed, a ground fault protector
(GFP) shall only be used to protect equipment.
NOTE: A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)
may be used on single phase AC circuits to provide
additional protection for personnel and equipment.
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Ground Fault Protection – Continued
11.13.1.2. GFCI and GFP breakers shall meet the
requirements of Underwriters Laboratories standard
UL 943, Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters, and the
requirements of UL 489, Molded Case Circuit
Protectors for Circuit Breaker Enclosures.
11.13.1.3. GFCI and GFP breakers may be
installed as panelboard feeder breakers to protect all
associated circuits or in individual branch circuits.
11.13.1.4. Single-pole GFCI and GFP breakers
shall only be used if:
11.13.1.4.1. the single phase 120 volt system
has a polarity indicator, or
11.13.1.4.2. the system uses either a
polarization transformer, or
11.13.1.4.3. the system is 120/240 volts.
11.13.1.5. GFCI receptacle devices shall meet the
requirements of Underwriters Laboratories’ standard
UL 943, Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters, and the
requirements of UL 498, Electrical Attachment Plugs
and Receptacles.
11.13.1.6. GFCI receptacle devices may be
installed as part of a convenience outlet installation
either in single outlet applications or in multiple feed
through installations. (See E-11.15.3.5.)
NOTE: Isolation transformer primary main breakers
– GFP breakers may be installed as the main breaker
on the primary side of isolation transformers. (See
E-11.7.2.2, DIAGRAM 8 and DIAGRAM 11.) This
GFP breaker will provide ground fault protection
only for the primary winding of the transformer.
Protection for circuits supplied by the secondary
winding of the transformer may be provided in
accordance with E-11.12.2.4, E-11.12.2.5, E-
11.12.2.6.3, and E- 11.13.1.4
11.14. SWITCHES
11.14.1. GENERAL
11.14.1.1. Switches shall have voltage
ratings not less than the system voltage, current ratings
not less than the connected load, and shall be rated for
the type of load, i.e., inductive or resistive.
EXCEPTION: Battery switches. (See E-11.7.1.2.3.)
11.14.2. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.14.2.1. If single pole switches are used in
branch circuits they shall be installed in the positive
conductor of the circuit.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Engine mounted pressure,
vacuum, and temperature operated switches.
- Switches such as those used for control of alarm
systems.
11.14.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.14.3.1. Switches used in branch circuits shall
simultaneously open all ungrounded conductor(s) of
the branch circuit.
11.15. PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES
11.15.1. GENERAL
11.15.1.1. Receptacles shall be installed in
locations not normally subject to rain, spray, or
flooding but if receptacles are used in such areas the
following shall apply:
11.15.1.1.1. Receptacles installed in locations
subject to rain, spray, or splash shall be weatherproof
when not in use.
NOTE: Weatherproofing may be provided by means
such as spring-loaded, self-closing, or snap-type
receptacle covers.
11.15.1.1.2. Receptacles installed in areas
subject to flooding or momentary submersion shall be
of a watertight design as may be provided by a
threaded, gasketed cover.
11.15.1.1.3. Receptacles provided for the
galley shall be located so appliance cords can be
plugged in without crossing a traffic area, galley, stove
or sink.
11.15.1.2. Receptacles and matching plugs used
on AC systems shall not be interchangeable with
receptacles and matching plugs used on DC systems.
11.15.2. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.15.2.1. Multi-wire plugs and receptacles used
in conjunction with harness type wiring systems shall
comply with the following:
11.15.2.1.1. Plugs and receptacles shall
incorporate means, such as cable clamps, molded
connectors, insulation grips, extended terminal barrels,
etc., for supporting all wires to limit flexing at the
connection, and
11.15.2.1.2. plugs and receptacles exposed to
weather shall be weatherproof, or if subject to
immersion, shall be watertight.
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Plugs and Receptacles – DC – Continued
11.15.2.2. Each terminal in a multi-wire plug
and receptacle shall be protected from accidental
short-circuiting to adjacent terminals.
11.15.2.3. Plug connectors shall have a
minimum disengagement force of 6 pounds (2.75kg)
along the axial direction of the connector for one
minute.
11.15.2.4. The plug connector’s capacity
shall be selected to meet or exceed the ampacity and
temperature rating of the connecting conductors in
addition to its wire size capability.
11.15.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.15.3.1. Receptacles shall be installed in
boxes that meet the requirements of UL 514A,
Metallic Outlet Boxes, or 514C, Nonmetallic Outlet
Boxes, Flush Device Boxes And Covers.
11.15.3.2. Receptacles shall be of the
grounding type with a terminal provided for the
grounding (green) conductor as shown in FIGURE 12
and FIGURE 13.
11.15.3.3. Power wiring for receptacles shall
be connected so that the grounded (white) conductor
attaches to the terminal identified by the word “white”
or a light color (normally white or silver). The
ungrounded conductor(s) shall be attached to the
terminal(s) identified by a dark color (normally brass
or copper) and, optionally, the letters X, Y, and Z or
L1, L2, and L3.
11.15.3.4. A branch circuit supplying a
combination of receptacle loads and permanently
connected loads shall not supply fixed loads in excess
of the following:
11.15.3.4.1. 600 watts for a 15-ampere circuit;
11.15.3.4.2. 1000 watts for a 20-ampere
circuit.
NOTE: Refer to E- 11.10.2.2 for load calculations.
11.15.3.5. If installed in a head, galley,
machinery space, or on a weather deck, the receptacle
shall be protected by a Type A (nominal 5
milliamperes) Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
(GFCI). (See E-11.13.)
NOTE: GFCI receptacle devices are not necessarily
ignition protected per E-11.5.1.3.1.
11.16. SYSTEM WIRING
11.16.1. CONDUCTORS
11.16.1.1. GENERAL
11.16.1.1.1. Minimum surface marking of the
individual conductors and their jackets shall include:
11.16.1.1.1.1. type/style,
11.16.1.1.1.2. voltage,
11.16.1.1.1.3. wire size, and
11.16.1.1.1.4. temperature rating, dry.
EXCEPTION: Flexible cords in Table VIII
11.16.1.1.2. Conductors shall be at least 16
AWG.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. 18 AWG conductors may be used
if included with other conductors in a sheath and do
not extend more than 30 inches (760mm) outside the
sheath.
- 18 AWG conductors may be used as internal
wiring on panelboards.
- Conductors that are totally inside an equipment
housing.
- Conductors on circuits of less than 50 volts having
a current flow of less than one amp in
communication systems, electronic navigation
equipment and electronic circuits.
- Pigtails less than seven inches (178 mm) used as
wiring on panelboards.
11.16.1.2. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.16.1.2.1. Conductors and flexible cords
shall have a minimum rating of 50 volts.
11.16.1.2.2. The construction of insulated
cables and conductors shall conform with the
requirements of:
11.16.1.2.2.1. UL 1426, Cables for Boats, or
11.16.1.2.2.2. the insulating material temperature
rating requirements of:
11.16.1.2.2.2.1. SAE J378, Marine Engine
Wiring, and
11.16.1.2.2.2.2. SAE J1127, Battery Cable, or
SAE J1128, Low-Tension Primary Cable.
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System Wiring – DC – Continued
11.16.1.2.3. Conductors may be selected from
the types listed in TABLE VI , Table VIII and TABLE
IX . The temperature ratings shown contemplate the
routing of wires above bilge water in locations
protected from dripping, exposures to weather, spray,
and oil.
11.16.1.2.4. Flexible cords shall conform with
the National Electrical Code, and shall be selected
from the types listed in Table VIII.
11.16.1.2.5. Conductors and flexible cords
shall be stranded copper according to TABLE XII.
11.16.1.2.6. Conductors used for panelboard or
switchboard main feeders shall have ampacities as
determined in E-11.10.1.1 Conductors used for branch
circuits or in electrical systems that do not use a
panelboard or switchboard shall have their ampacities
determined by their loads (See TABLE II).
11.16.1.2.7. Conductors used for panelboard or
switchboard main feeders, bilge blowers, electronic
equipment, navigation lights, and other circuits where
voltage drop must be kept to a minimum, shall be
sized for a voltage drop not to exceed three percent.
Conductors used for lighting, other than navigation
lights, and other circuits where voltage drop is not
critical, shall be sized for a voltage drop not to exceed
10 percent.
11.16.1.2.8. To determine conductor size and
insulation temperature rating, use the ampacity as
specified in E-11.16.1.2.6 in conjunction with TABLE
IV . Then use TABLE X or TABLE XI to check the
conductor size for compliance with the maximum
allowable voltage drop specified in E-11.16.1.2.7. In
the event of a conflict between the ampacity table and
the voltage drop tables, the larger conductor size shall
be used.
11.16.1.2.9. To use TABLE X and TABLE XI
, measure the length of the conductor from the positive
power source connection to the electrical device and
back to the negative power source connection. Use
the conductor length, the system voltage, and the
ampacity as specified in E-11.16.1.2.6, in conjunction
with the appropriate volt drop table, i.e., 3 percent or
10 percent – TABLE X or TABLE XI , to determine
conductor size.
NOTES: 1. The power source connection may be
the battery, or a panelboard or switchboard, if used.
- If the ampacity as specified in E- 11.16.1.2.6
exceeds the ampacities in TABLE XI and TABLE X,
the conductor size necessary to keep voltage drop
below the maximum permitted level may be
calculated by means of the following formula:
K x I x L
CM = —————
E
Where:
CM = Circular mil area of conductor.
K = 10.75 (constant representing the
resistivity of copper)
I = Load current in amperes
L = Length of conductor from the
positive power source connection to the electrical
device and back to the negative power source
connection, measured in feet.
E = Maximum allowable voltage drop
at load in volts (e.g., for a three percent voltage drop
at nominal 12V, E= 0.03 x 12 = 0.36; for a 10
percent voltage drop at nominal 12V,
E = 1.2).
- Use TABLE XII to convert circular mils (cm) to
conductor gauge. If the cm area falls between two
gauge sizes, the larger conductor shall be used.
11.16.1.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.16.1.3.1. Conductors shall have a minimum
rating of 600 volts.
11.16.1.3.2. Flexible cords shall have a
minimum rating of 300 volts.
11.16.1.3.3. The temperature rating of
conductors and flexible cords shall be at least 140oF
(60oC) dry.
11.16.1.3.4. In engine spaces,
11.16.1.3.4.1. the insulation shall be oil resistant,
and
11.16.1.3.4.2. the temperature rating shall be at
least 167oF (75°C) dry.
NOTE: Conductor rating temperatures refer to the
insulation maximum operating temperature of the
conductors.
11.16.1.3.5. All conductors and flexible cords
shall meet the flame retardant and moisture resistant
requirements of UL 83, Thermoplastic-Insulated
Wires and Cables.
11.16.1.3.6. All conductors and flexible cords
shall meet the requirements of the applicable standards
of Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
11.16.1.3.7. Conductors and flexible cords
shall be stranded copper according to TABLE XII.
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System wiring –AC- Continued
NOTE: Some currently available wire types that
meet all of the above requirements are listed in Table
VIII.
11.16.1.3.8. Conductors and flexible cords
shall be of size according to TABLE VII and TABLE
XIII.
11.16.1.3.8.1. Where single conductors or multiconductor
cables are bundled for a distance greater
than 24 inches (610 mm), the allowable ampacity of
each conductor shall be reduced as shown in TABLE
VII and TABLE XIII.
NOTE: When determining the allowable
amperage of bundled conductors using TABLE
VII and TABLE XIII, the AC grounding
conductor and a neutral conductor that carries
only the unbalanced current from other
conductors are not considered to be current
carrying conductors.
11.16.1.3.8.2. The AC grounding conductor shall
be permitted to be one size smaller than the current
carrying conductors on circuits rated greater than 30
amperes.
11.16.2. WIRING IDENTIFICATION
11.16.2.1. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.16.2.1.1. Each electrical conductor that is
part of the boat’s electrical system shall have a means
to identify its function in the system.
EXCEPTION: Pigtails less than seven inches
(175mm) in length.
11.16.2.1.2. Insulated grounding conductors
shall be identified by the color green or green with
yellow stripe(s).
11.16.2.1.3. The color code shown in TABLE
XIV identifies colors for DC conductors used for
general wiring purposes on boats.
11.16.2.1.4. The color code shown in Table
XV identifies one selection of colors for use as an
engine accessory wiring color code. Other means of
identification may be used providing a wiring diagram
of the system indicating the method of identification is
provided with each boat.
11.16.2.1.4.1. Color-coding may be
accomplished by colored sleeving or color application
to wiring at termination points.
11.16.2.1.4.2. If tape is used to mark a wire, the
tape shall be at least 3/16 inch (5mm) in width, and
shall have sufficient length to make at least two
complete turns around the conductor to be marked.
The tape shall be applied to be visible near each
terminal.
11.16.2.2. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.16.2.2.1. Conductors shall be identified to
indicate circuit polarity as follows:
ungrounded conductor black or brown
grounded neutral
conductor
white, or light blue
grounding conductor
green, green w/yellow
stripe
additional ungrounded
conductors
red, orange, blue
additional colors for
ungrounded conductors
(black)
Black w/red stripe
Black w/ blue stripe
Black w/ orange stripe
11.16.3. WIRING TERMINALS
11.16.3.1. Wiring connections shall be designed
and installed to make mechanical and electrical joints
without damage to the conductors.
11.16.3.2. Metals used for the terminal studs,
nuts, and washers shall be corrosion resistant and
galvanically compatible with the conductor and
terminal lug. Aluminum and unplated steel shall not
be used for studs, nuts, and washers.
11.16.3.3. Each conductor-splice joining
conductor to conductor, conductor to connectors, and
conductor to terminals must be able to withstand a
tensile force equal to at least the value shown in Table
XVI for the smallest conductor size used in the splice
for a one minute duration, and not break.
11.16.3.4. Terminal connectors shall be the
ring or captive spade types. (See FIGURE 17.)
EXCEPTION: Friction type connectors may be used
on components if
- the circuit is rated not more than 20 amperes or
the manufacturer’s rating for a terminal designed to
meet the requirements of UL 310, “Electrical Quick-
Connect Terminals”, or UL 1059, “Terminal
Block”s, and
- the voltage drop from terminal to terminal does
not exceed 50 millivolts for a 20 amp current flow,
and
- the connection does not separate if subjected for
one minute to a six pound (27 Newton) tensile force
along the axial direction of the connector, on the
first withdrawal.
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Wiring Terminals-Continued
11.16.3.5. Connections may be made using a setscrew
pressure type conductor connector, providing a
means is used to prevent the set-screw from bearing
directly on the conductor strands.
11.16.3.6. Twist on connectors, i.e., wire nuts,
shall not be used.
11.16.3.7. Solder shall not be the sole means of
mechanical connection in any circuit. If soldered, the
connection shall be so located or supported as to
minimize flexing of the conductor where the solder
changes the flexible conductor into a solid conductor.
EXCEPTION: Battery lugs with a solder contact
length of not less than 1.5 times the diameter of the
conductor.
NOTE: When a stranded conductor is soldered, the
soldered portion of the conductor becomes a solid
strand conductor, and flexing can cause the
conductor to break at the end of the solder joint
unless adequate additional support is provided.
11.16.3.8. Solderless crimp on connectors shall
be attached with the type of crimping tools designed
for the connector used, and that will produce a
connection meeting the requirements of E-11.16.3.3.
11.16.3.9. The shanks of terminals shall be
protected against accidental shorting by the use of
insulation barriers or sleeves, except for those used in
grounding systems.
11.16.4. INSTALLATION
11.16.4.1. GENERAL
11.16.4.1.1. Junction boxes, cabinets, and other
enclosures in which electrical connections are made
shall be weatherproof, or installed in a protected
location, to minimize the entrance or accumulation of
moisture or water within the boxes, cabinets, or
enclosures.
11.16.4.1.2. In wet locations, metallic boxes,
cabinets, or enclosures shall be mounted to minimize
the entrapment of moisture between the box, cabinet,
or enclosure, and the adjacent structure. If air spacing
is used to accomplish this, the minimum shall be 1/4
inch (7.0 mm).
11.16.4.1.3. Unused openings in boxes,
cabinets, and weatherproof enclosures shall be closed.
11.16.4.1.4. All conductors shall be supported
and/or clamped to relieve strain on connections.
11.16.4.1.5. When AC and DC conductors are
run together, the AC conductors shall be sheathed,
bundled, or otherwise kept separate from the DC
conductors.
11.16.4.1.6. Current-carrying conductors shall
be routed as high as practicable above the bilge water
level and other areas where water may accumulate. If
conductors must be routed in the bilge or other areas
where water may accumulate, the connections shall be
watertight.
11.16.4.1.7. Conductors shall be routed as far
away as practicable from exhaust pipes and other heat
sources. Unless an equivalent thermal barrier is
provided, a clearance of at least two inches (51 mm)
between conductors and water cooled exhaust
components, and a clearance of at least nine inches
(230 mm) between conductors and dry exhaust
components, shall be maintained. Conductors shall not
be routed directly above a dry exhaust.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Wiring on engines.
- Exhaust temperature sensor wiring.
11.16.4.1.8. Conductors that may be exposed
to physical damage shall be protected by self-draining;
loom, conduit, tape, raceways, or other equivalent
protection. Conductors passing through bulkheads or
structural members shall be protected to minimize
insulation damage such as chafing or pressure
displacement. Conductors shall also be routed clear of
sources of chafing such as steering cable and linkages,
engine shafts, and control connections.
11.16.4.1.9. Loom used to cover conductors
shall be self-extinguishing. The base product (or
resin) shall be classified as V-2 or better, in
accordance with UL 94, Tests For Flammability Of
Plastic Materials.
11.16.4.1.10. Conductors shall be supported
throughout their length or shall be secured at least
every 18 inches (455mm) by one of the following
methods:
11.16.4.1.10.1. By means of non-metallic clamps
sized to hold the conductors firmly in place. Nonmetallic
straps or clamps shall not be used over
engine(s), moving shafts, other machinery or
passageways, if failure would result in a hazardous
condition. The material shall be resistant to oil,
gasoline, and water and shall not break or crack within
a temperature range of -34°C (-30°F) to 121°C
(250°F);
11.16.4.1.10.2. By means of metal straps or
clamps with smooth, rounded edges to hold the
conductors firmly in place without damage to the
conductors or insulation. That section of the
conductor or cable directly under the strap or clamp
shall be protected by means of loom, tape or other
suitable wrapping to prevent injury to the conductor;
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Installation – General -Continued
11.16.4.1.10.3. By means of metal clamps lined
with an insulating material resistant to the effects of
oil, gasoline, and water.
EXCEPTIONS: Exception to E-11.16.4.1.10:
- Battery cables within 36 inches (910mm) of a
battery terminal.
- Cables attached to outboard motors.
11.16.4.1.11. No more than four conductors
shall be secured to any one terminal stud. If additional
connections are necessary, two or more terminal studs
shall be connected together by means of jumpers or
copper straps.
11.16.4.1.12. Ring and captive spade type
terminal connectors shall be the same nominal size as
the stud.
11.16.4.1.13. Conductors terminating at
panelboards in junction boxes or fixtures shall be
arranged to provide a length of conductor to relieve
tension, to allow for repairs and to permit multiple
conductors to be fanned at terminal studs.
11.16.4.2. DC SYSTEMS
11.16.4.2.1. Wiring shall be installed in a
manner that will avoid magnetic loops in the area of
the compass and magnetically sensitive devices.
Direct current wires that may create magnetic fields in
this area shall run in twisted pairs.
11.16.4.2.2. Battery cables without overcurrent
protection shall comply with the following:
11.16.4.2.2.1. Battery cables shall be routed
above normal bilge water levels throughout their
length;
11.16.4.2.2.2. Battery cables shall be routed to
avoid contact with metallic fuel system components;
11.16.4.2.2.3. The ungrounded battery cable
shall be routed to avoid contact with any part of the
engine or drive train.
11.16.4.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.16.4.3.1. All connections normally carrying
current shall be made in enclosures to protect against
shock hazards.
11.16.4.3.2. Nonmetallic outlet boxes, flush
device boxes and covers shall meet the requirements
of UL 514C, Non-metallic Outlet Boxes, Flush Device
Boxes and Covers.
11.17. APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT
11.17.1. GENERAL
11.17.1.1. All electrical appliances and
equipment designed for permanent installation
shall be securely mounted to the boat’s structure.
11.17.2. FOR DC SYSTEMS
11.17.2.1. Appliances and fixed DC electrical
equipment shall be designed so that the current
carrying parts of the device are insulated from all
exposed electrically conductive parts.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. 12-volt equipment not located in
machinery spaces, not in contact with bilge, and not
in contact with a fuel line.
- Communications and audio equipment
- Electric navigation equipment
- Instruments and instrument clusters
- Liquid level gauge transmitters. For installation
of fuel tank transmitters on conductive surfaces.
(See E-11.17.2.4.)
- Navigation lights operating at nominal 12 volts.
See ABYC A-16, “Electric Navigation Lights.”
- Auxiliary generator sets
- Engine mounted equipment. (See E-11.5.2.1.)
11.17.2.2. Devices subject to exceptions 1 through
8 in E-11.17.2.1 shall be installed with the case
negative, and the positive connection shall be
identified.
11.17.2.3. All exposed electrically
conductive non-current carrying parts of fixed DC
electrical equipment, and appliances that may
normally be in contact with bilge water or seawater,
shall be connected to the DC grounding system.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Boats not equipped with a DC
grounding system.
- Equipment with an effective double insulation
system.
- Metal parts isolated in non-conductive material
- Electric trolling motors
11.17.2.4. Grounded Liquid Level Gauge
Transmitters (senders) – Grounded liquid level gauge
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Appliances and Equipment – DC – Continued
transmitters mounted on fuel tanks or tank plates shall
have the transmitter negative return conductor
connected directly to the DC main negative bus, the
engine negative terminal, or for outboard boats the
battery negative terminal or its bus. No other device
shall be connected to this conductor. This conductor
shall also serve as the static ground and/or the bonding
conductor for the tank and fill. If a fuel tank is
included in the lightning protection system the
conductor between the fuel tank and the DC main
negative bus shall meet the requirements of ABYC E-
4, Lightning Protection.
11.17.3. FOR AC SYSTEMS
11.17.3.1. Fixed AC electrical equipment
used on boats shall be designed so that the current
carrying parts of the device are effectively insulated
from all exposed electrically conductive parts.
11.17.3.2. All exposed, electrically
conductive, non-current carrying parts of fixed AC
electrical equipment and appliances intended to be
grounded shall be connected to the grounding
conductor.
NOTE: If an appliance( e.g., electric range, electric
dryer) has a neutral to ground bonding strap, it must
be removed in order to comply with 11.5.3.2.
11.17.3.3. Integral overcurrent protection
may be provided.
11.18. DC GROUNDING AND BONDING
11.18.1. DC Grounding – If a DC grounding
system is installed, the DC grounding conductor shall
be used to connect metallic non-current-carrying parts
of those direct current devices identified in E-
11.17.2.3 to the engine negative terminal or its bus for
the purpose of minimizing stray current corrosion.
(See FIGURE 18.)
11.18.2. DC Grounding Conductor
11.18.2.1. A DC grounding conductor shall
not be smaller than one size under that required for
current carrying conductors supplying the device and
not less than 16 AWG. (See FIGURE 18 and
FIGURE 19.)
11.18.2.2. Routing – The DC grounding
conductor shall be routed from the device to the
engine negative terminal or the DC main negative bus
by one of the following means:
11.18.2.2.1. The DC grounding conductor shall
be routed together with the current carrying
conductors as a third wire;
11.18.2.2.2. The DC grounding conductor shall
be routed as a separate conductor.
11.18.2.3. The DC grounding conductor shall
be connected to a DC grounding bus in accordance
with E-11.18.2.5.
11.18.2.4. Connections – DC grounding
conductor connections shall be made in accordance
with E-11.16.3.
11.18.2.5. DC Grounding Bus
11.18.2.5.1. The DC grounding bus shall be
connected directly to the engine negative terminal or
the DC main negative bus.
11.18.2.5.2. The DC grounding bus serving
more than one electrical device shall comply with E-
11.18.2 for the largest device, and shall be
manufactured and installed in accordance with the
following:
11.18.2.5.2.1. If the DC grounding bus is
fabricated from copper or bronze strip, it shall have a
thickness not less than 1/32 inch (0.8mm) and a width
of not less than 1/2 inch (13mm); and
11.18.2.5.2.1.1. shall be drilled and tapped
providing its thickness ensures no less than three full
threads of engagement for the terminal screws; or
11.18.2.5.2.1.2. shall be through-drilled, and the
connections made with machine screws and lock-nuts.
NOTE: Copper pipe may be used providing its wall
thickness is sufficient for the pipe to be drilled and
tapped as required above.
11.18.2.5.2.2. Copper braid shall not be used.
11.18.2.6. Combined DC Grounding and
Bonding Systems – The DC grounding conductors
may be combined with the following systems
providing all the requirements with respect to
conductor size are met for each system. (See FIGURE
18, FIGURE 19 and FIGURE 20 )
11.18.2.6.1. Lightning Protection – See ABYC
E-4, Lightning Protection.
11.18.2.6.2. Cathodic Bonding – See ABYC E-
2, Cathodic Protection.
11.18.2.6.3. Static Electricity Grounding – See
E-11.17.2.4, ABYC H-24, Gasoline Fuel Systems, and
ABYC H-33, Diesel Fuel Systems.
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Grounding and Bonding – DC – Continued
11.18.2.7. Radio Ground Plate – If the radio
ground plate is connected to the engine negative
terminal, the connecting conductor shall meet the
requirements of ABYC E-4, Lightning Protection,
since a radio ground plate may also function as a
lightning ground plate.
11.18.2.8. Coaxial Cables and Conduit – The
metallic braid of coaxial cables and metal conduit used
for radio interference, or any form of radio shielding
or armoring, shall be connected to earth ground with
an insulated stranded copper conductor.
Figure 1- ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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Figure 2 – ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Figure 3 – ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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Figure 4 – ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Figure 5 – ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Figure 6 – ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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Figure 7 – ISOLATION BULKHEAD REQUIREMENTS
Figure 8 – BULKHEADS
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Figures 9 A and 9 B – TYPICAL OUTBOARD DC SYSTEM
9A
NOTES: 1. For location of overcurrent protection device (See E-11.12.1)
- This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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9 B
NOTES: 1. For location of overcurrent protection device (See E-11.12.1)
- This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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FIGURES 10 A AND 10 B – TYPCAL INBOARD DC SYSTEM WITHOUT AN AC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
10 A
NOTES: 1. For location of overcurrent protection device (See E- 11.12.1)
- This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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10 B
NOTES: 1. For location of overcurrent protection device (See E-11.12.1)
- This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
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FIGURE 11 – MAIN AND BRANCH CIRCUIT PROTECTION
NOTE: This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to appropriate text.
FIGURE 12 – STANDARD CONVENIENCE RECEPTACLE CONFIGURATION
FIGURE 13 – SHORE POWER CABLE CONFIGURATIONS
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FIGURE 14 – SHORE POWER CABLE CONFIGURATIONS, PIN AND SLEEVE
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FIGURE 15 – BATTERY SUPPLY CIRCUITS – LOCATION OF OVERCURRENT DEVICES
NOTE: Up to 40 inches (1.02m) is allowed if the conductor throughout this distance is contained in a sheath or
enclosure, such as a junction box, control box, or enclosed panel.
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FIGURE 16 – PANELBOARDS AND SWITCHBOARDS
FIGURE 17 – SOME TYPICAL TYPES OF TERMINALS
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FIGURE 18 – DC NEGATIVE SYSTEM – DC GROUNDING SYSTEM (TYPICAL INBOARD DC SYSTEM)
NOTES: 1. Cathodic bonding – refer to ABYC E-2, “Cathodic Protection”
- Lightning bonding – refer to ABYC E-4 “Lightning Protection”
- For location of overcurrent protection device refer to ABYC E-11.12.1
- This diagram does not illustrate a complete system. Refer to the appropriate text.
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FIGURE 19 – DC COMMON GROUNDING SYSTEM
FIGURE 20 – COMBINED LIGHTNING/DC GROUNDING SYSTEM
NOTE: Lightning protection requires conductivity to ground of not less than that of a 4 AWG copper conductor. See
ABYC E-4, “Lightning Protection”
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TABLE III – FREE STANDING RANGE RATINGS
NAMEPLATE RATING USE
(WATTS) (WATTS)
10,000 or less 80% of rating
10,001 – 12,500 8,000
12,501 – 13,500 8,400
13,501 – 14,500 8,800
14,501 – 15,500 9,200
15,501 – 16,500 9,600
16,501 – 17,500 10,000
NOTE: Ratings are for free standing ranges as distinguished from separate oven and cooking units.
TABLE IV – ALLOWABLE AMPERAGE FOR SYSTEMS UNDER 50 VOLTS
Temperature Rating of Conductor Insulation
CONDUCTOR
SIZE
60° C
(140° F)
75° C
(167° F)
80° C
(176° F)
90° C
(194° F)
105° C
(221° F)
125° C
(257° F)
200° C
(392° F)
ENGLISH
(METRIC) SEE
TABLE VIII
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE OR
INSIDE ENGINE
SPACES
18 (0.8) 10 5.8 10 7.5 15 11.7 20 16.4 20 17.0 25 22.3 25
16 (1) 15 8.7 15 11.3 20 15.6 25 20.5 25 21.3 30 25.7 35
14 (2) 20 11.6 20 15.0 25 19.5 30 24.6 35 29.8 40 35.6 45
12 (3) 25 14.5 25 18.8 35 27.3 40 32.8 45 38.3 50 44.5 55
10 (5) 40 23.2 40 30.0 50 39.0 55 45.1 60 51.0 70 62.3 70
8 (8) 55 31.9 65 48.8 70 54.6 70 57.4 80 68.0 90 80.1 100
6 (13) 80 46.4 95 71.3 100 78.0 100 82.0 120 102 125 111 135
4 (19) 105 60.9 125 93.8 130 101 135 110 160 136 170 151 180
2 (32) 140 81.2 170 127 175 138 180 147 210 178 225 200 240
1 (40) 165 95.7 195 146 210 163 210 172 245 208 265 235 280
0 (50) 195 113 230 172 245 191 245 200 285 242 305 271 325
00 (62) 225 130 265 198 285 222 285 233 330 280 355 316 370
000 (81) 260 150 310 232 330 257 330 270 385 327 410 384 430
0000 (103) 300 174 380 270 385 300 385 315 445 378 475 422 510
NOTE: Cross reference with voltage drop tables and formula in E-11.16.1.2.9., Note 2.
TABLE V – A – CIRCUIT BREAKER MINIMUM AMPERE INTERRUPTING CAPACITY FOR SYSTEMS
UNDER 50 VOLTS
Ampere Interrupting Capacity (AIC)
(amperage available at circuit breaker terminals)
Total Connected Battery
(Cold Cranking Amperes)
Main Circuit Breaker
(Amperes)
*See Note
Branch Circuit Breaker
(Amperes)
*See Note
12 Volts 650 or less 1500 750
and 651-1100 3000 1500
24 Volts over 1100 5000 2500
32 Volts 1250 or less 3000 1500
over 1250 5000 2500
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*NOTE: The main circuit breaker(s) shall be considered to be the first breaker(s) in a circuit connected in
series with the battery. All subsequent breakers, including sub-main breakers, connected in series with a main
circuit breaker shall be considered to be “branch circuit breakers.” (See FIGURE 16 .)
TABLE V – B – CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERRUPTING CAPACITY FOR SYSTEM OVER 50 VOLT
SHORE POWER
SOURCE
MAIN SHORE POWER
DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER
BRANCH BREAKER
120V – 30A 3000 3000
120V – 50A 3000 3000
120/240V – 50A 5000 3000
240V – 50A 5000 3000
120/208V – 3 phase/WYE – 30A 5000 3000
120/240V – 100A 5000 3000
120/208V – 3 phase/WYE – 100A 5000 3000
NOTES: 1. The main circuit breaker shall be considered to be the first circuit breaker connected to a source of
AC power. All subsequent breakers, including sub-main breakers connected in series with a main circuit breaker,
shall be considered to be branch circuit breakers.
- A fuse in series with, and ahead of, a circuit breaker may be required by the circuit breaker manufacturer
to achieve the interrupting capacity in TABLE V – B .
TABLE VI – SAE CONDUCTORS
SAE CONDUCTORS
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABLE INSULATION TEMPERATURE
RATING PER SAE J378
GPT Thermoplastic Insulation, Braidless 60° C (140° F), 90° C (194° F), 105° C (221° F)
HDT Thermoplastic Insulation, Braidless 60° C (140° F), 90° C (194° F), 105° C (221° F)
SGT Thermoplastic Insulation, Braidless 60° C (140° F), 90° C (194° F), 105° C (221° F)
STS Thermosetting Synthetic Rubber Insulation, Braidless 85° C (185° F), 90° C (194 ° F)
HTS Thermosetting Synthetic Rubber Insulation, Braidless 85° C (185° F), 90° C (194° F)
SXL Thermosetting Cross Linked Polyethylene Insulation, Braidless 125° C (257° F)
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TABLE VII – A – ALLOWABLE AMPERAGE OF CONDUCTORS WHEN NO MORE THAN TWO CURRENT
CARRYING CONDUCTORS ARE BUNDLED
TEMPERATURE RATING OF CONDUCTOR INSULATION
CONDUCTOR
60°C
(140°F)
75°C
(167°F)
80°C
(176°F)
90°C
(194°F)
105°C
(221°F)
125°C
(257°F)
200°C
(392°
F)
SIZE
(AWG)
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
OR
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
18 10 5.8 10 7.5 15 11.7 20 16.4 20 17.0 25 22.3 25
16 15 8.7 15 11.3 20 15.6 25 20.5 25 21.3 30 26.7 35
14 20 11.6 20 15.0 25 19.5 30 24.6 35 29.8 40 35.6 45
12 25 14.5 25 18.8 35 27.3 40 32.8 45 38.3 50 44.5 55
10 40 23.2 40 30.0 50 39.0 55 45.1 60 51.0 70 62.3 70
8 55 31.9 65 48.8 70 54.6 70 57.4 80 68.0 90 80.1 100
6 80 46.4 95 71.3 100 78.0 100 82.0 120 102.0 125 111.3 135
4 105 60.9 125 93.8 130 101.4 135 110.7 160 136.0 170 151.3 180
3 120 69.6 145 108.8 150 117.0 155 127.1 180 153.0 195 173.6 210
2 140 81.2 170 127.5 175 136.5 180 147.6 210 178.5 225 200.3 240
1 165 95.7 195 146.3 210 163.8 210 172.2 245 208.3 265 235.9 280
0 195 113.1 230 172.5 245 191.1 245 200.9 285 242.3 305 271.5 325
00 225 130.5 265 198.8 285 222.3 285 233.7 330 280.5 355 316.0 370
000 260 150.8 310 232.5 330 257.4 330 270.6 385 327.3 410 364.9 430
0000 300 174.0 360 270.0 385 300.3 385 315.7 445 378.3 475 422.8 510
TABLE VII – B – ALLOWABLE AMPERAGE OF CONDUCTORS WHEN THREE CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTORS ARE BUNDLED
TEMPERATURE RATING OF CONDUCTOR INSULATION
CONDUCTOR
60°C
(140°F)
75°C
(167°F)
80°C
(176°F)
90°C
(194°F)
105°C
(221°F)
125°C
(257°F)
200°C
(392°F)
SIZE
(AWG)
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
OR
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
18 7.0 4.1 7.0 5.3 10.5 8.2 14.0 11.5 14.0 11.9 17.5 15.6 17.5
16 10.5 6.1 10.5 7.9 14.0 10.9 17.5 14.4 17.5 14.9 21.0 18.7 24.5
14 14.0 8.1 14.0 10.5 17.5 13.7 21.0 17.2 24.5 20.8 28.0 24.9 31.5
12 17.5 10.2 17.5 13.1 24.5 19.1 28.0 23.0 31.5 26.8 35.0 31.2 38.5
10 28.0 16.2 28.0 21.0 35.0 27.3 38.5 31.6 42.0 35.7 49.0 43.6 49.0
8 38.5 22.3 45.5 34.1 49.0 38.2 49.0 40.2 56.0 47.6 63.0 56.1 70.0
6 56.0 32.5 66.5 49.9 70.0 54.6 70.0 57.4 84.0 71.4 87.5 77.9 94.5
4 73.5 42.6 87.5 65.6 91.0 71.0 94.5 77.5 112.0 95.2 119.0 105.9 126.0
3 84.0 48.7 101.5 76.1 105.0 81.9 108.5 89.0 126.0 107.1 136.5 121.5 147.0
2 98.0 56.8 119.0 89.3 122.5 95.6 126.0 103.3 147.0 125.0 157.5 140.2 168.0
1 115.5 67.0 136.5 102.4 147.0 114.7 147.0 120.5 171.5 145.8 185.5 165.1 196.0
0 136.5 79.2 161.0 120.8 171.5 133.8 171.5 140.6 199.5 169.6 213.5 190.0 227.5
00 157.5 91.4 185.5 139.1 199.5 155.6 199.5 163.6 231.0 196.4 248.5 221.2 259.0
000 182.0 105.6 217.0 162.8 231.0 180.2 231.0 189.4 269.5 229.1 287.0 255.4 301.0
0000 210.0 121.8 252.0 189.0 269.5 210.2 269.5 221.0 311.5 264.8 332.5 295.9 357.0
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TABLE VII – C – ALLOWABLE AMPERAGE OF CONDUCTORS WHEN FOUR TO SIX CURRENT
CARRYING CONDUCTORS ARE BUNDLED
TEMPERATURE RATING OF CONDUCTOR INSULATION
CONDUCTOR
60°C
(140°F)
75°C
(167°F)
80°C
(176°F)
90°C
(194°F)
105°C
(221°F)
125°C
(257°F)
200°C
(392°F)
SIZE
(AWG)
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
OR
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
18 6.0 3.5 6.0 4.5 9.0 7.0 12.0 9.8 12.0 10.2 15.0 13.4 15.0
16 9.0 5.2 9.0 6.8 12.0 9.4 15.0 12.3 15.0 12.8 18.0 16.0 21.0
14 12.0 7.0 12.0 9.0 15.0 11.7 18.0 14.8 21.0 17.9 24.0 21.4 27.0
12 15.0 8.7 15.0 11.3 21.0 16.4 24.0 19.7 27.0 23.0 30.0 26.7 33.0
10 24.0 13.9 24.0 18.0 30.0 23.4 33.0 27.1 36.0 30.6 42.0 37.4 42.0
8 33.0 19.1 39.0 29.3 42.0 32.8 42.0 34.4 48.0 40.8 54.0 48.1 60.0
6 48.0 27.8 57.0 42.8 60.0 46.8 60.0 49.2 72.0 61.2 75.0 66.8 81.0
4 63.0 36.5 75.0 56.3 78.0 60.8 81.0 66.4 96.0 81.6 102.0 90.8 108.0
3 72.0 41.8 87.0 65.3 90.0 70.2 93.0 76.3 108.0 91.8 117.0 104.1 126.0
2 84.0 48.7 102.0 76.5 105.0 81.9 108.0 88.6 126.0 107.1 135.0 120.2 144.0
1 99.0 57.4 117.0 87.8 126.0 98.3 126.0 103.3 147.0 125.0 159.0 141.5 168.0
0 117.0 67.9 138.0 103.5 147.0 114.7 147.0 120.5 171.0 145.4 183.0 162.9 195.0
00 135.0 78.3 159.0 119.3 171.0 133.4 171.0 140.2 198.0 168.3 213.0 189.6 222.0
000 156.0 90.5 186.0 139.5 198.0 154.4 198.0 162.4 231.0 196.4 246.0 218.9 258.0
0000 180.0 104.4 216.0 162.0 231.0 180.2 231.0 189.4 267.0 227.0 285.0 253.7 306.0
TABLE VII – D – ALLOWABLE AMPERAGE OF CONDUCTORS WHEN SEVEN TO 24 CURRENT
CARRYING CONDUCTORS ARE BUNDLED
TEMPERATURE RATING OF CONDUCTOR INSULATION
CONDUCTOR
60°C
(140°F)
75°C
(167°F)
80°C
(176°F)
90°C
(194°F)
105°C
(221°F)
125°C
(257°F)
200°C
(392°F)
SIZE
(AWG)
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
OR
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
18 5.0 2.9 5.0 3.8 7.5 5.9 10.0 8.2 10.0 8.5 12.5 11.1 12.5
16 7.5 4.4 7.5 5.6 10.0 7.8 12.5 10.3 12.5 10.6 15.0 13.4 17.5
14 10.0 5.8 10.0 7.5 12.5 9.8 15.0 12.3 17.5 14.9 20.0 17.8 22.5
12 12.5 7.3 12.5 9.4 17.5 13.7 20.0 16.4 22.5 19.1 25.0 22.3 27.5
10 20.0 11.6 20.0 15.0 25.0 19.5 27.5 22.6 30.0 25.5 35.0 31.2 35.0
8 27.5 16.0 32.5 24.4 35.0 27.3 35.0 28.7 40.0 34.0 45.0 40.1 50.0
6 40.0 23.2 47.5 35.6 50.0 39.0 50.0 41.0 60.0 51.0 62.5 55.6 67.5
4 52.5 30.5 62.5 46.9 65.0 50.7 67.5 55.4 80.0 68.0 85.0 75.7 90.0
3 60.0 34.8 72.5 54.4 75.0 58.5 77.5 63.6 90.0 76.5 97.5 86.8 105.0
2 70.0 40.6 85.0 63.8 87.5 68.3 90.0 73.8 105.0 89.3 112.5 100.1 120.0
1 82.5 47.9 97.5 73.1 105.0 81.9 105.0 86.1 122.5 104.1 132.5 117.9 140.0
0 97.5 56.6 115.0 86.3 122.5 95.6 122.5 100.5 142.5 121.1 152.5 135.7 162.5
00 112.5 65.3 132.5 99.4 142.5 111.2 142.5 116.9 165.0 140.3 177.5 158.0 185.0
000 130.0 75.4 155.0 116.3 165.0 128.7 165.0 135.3 192.5 163.6 205.0 182.5 215.0
0000 150.0 87.0 180.0 135.0 192.5 150.2 192.5 157.9 222.5 189.1 237.5 211.4 255.0
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TABLE VII – E – ALLOWABLE AMPERAGE OF CONDUCTORS WHEN 25 OR MORE CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTORS ARE BUNDLED
TEMPERATURE RATING OF CONDUCTOR INSULATION
CONDUCTOR
60°C
(140°F)
75°C
(167°F)
80°C
(176°F)
90°C
(194°F)
105°C
(221°F)
125°C
(257°F)
200°C
(392°F)
SIZE
(AWG)
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
OUTSIDE
OR
INSIDE
ENGINE
SPACES
18 4.0 2.3 4.0 3.0 6.0 4.7 8.0 6.6 8.0 6.8 10.0 8.9 10.0
16 6.0 3.5 6.0 4.5 8.0 6.2 10.0 8.2 10.0 8.5 12.0 10.7 14.0
14 8.0 4.6 8.0 6.0 10.0 7.8 12.0 9.8 14.0 11.9 16.0 14.2 18.0
12 10.0 5.8 10.0 7.5 14.0 10.9 16.0 13.1 18.0 15.3 20.0 17.8 22.0
10 16.0 9.3 16.0 12.0 20.0 15.6 22.0 18.0 24.0 20.4 28.0 24.9 28.0
8 22.0 12.8 26.0 19.5 28.0 21.8 28.0 23.0 32.0 27.2 36.0 32.0 40.0
6 32.0 18.6 38.0 28.5 40.0 31.2 40.0 32.8 48.0 40.8 50.0 44.5 54.0
4 42.0 24.4 50.0 37.5 52.0 40.6 54.0 44.3 64.0 54.4 68.0 60.5 72.0
3 48.0 27.8 58.0 43.5 60.0 46.8 62.0 50.8 72.0 61.2 78.0 69.4 84.0
2 56.0 32.5 68.0 51.0 70.0 54.6 72.0 59.0 84.0 71.4 90.0 80.1 96.0
1 66.0 38.3 78.0 58.5 84.0 65.5 84.0 68.9 98.0 83.3 106.0 94.3 112.0
0 78.0 45.2 92.0 69.0 98.0 76.4 98.0 80.4 114.0 96.9 122.0 108.6 130.0
00 90.0 52.2 106.0 79.5 114.0 88.9 114.0 93.5 132.0 112.2 142.0 126.4 148.0
000 104.0 60.3 124.0 93.0 132.0 103.0 132.0 108.2 154.0 130.9 164.0 146.0 172.0
0000 120.0 69.6 144.0 108.0 154.0 120.1 154.0 126.3 178.0 151.3 190.0 169.1 204.0
TABLE VIII – FLEXIBLE CORDS
Table VIII A
FLEXIBLE CORDS
TYPE DESCRIPTION AVAILABLE INSULATION TEMPERATURE
RATING
SO, SOW Hard Service Cord, Oil Resistant Compound 60°C (140° F), 75°C (167°F) & higher
ST, STW Hard Service Cord, Thermoplastic 60°C (140° F), 75°C (167°F) & higher
STO,
STOW,SEO,
SEOW
Hard Service Cord, Oil Resistant Thermoplastic 60°C (140° F), 75°C (167°F) & higher
SJO, SJOW Junior Hard Service Cord, Oil Resistant Compound 60°C (140°F), 75°C (167°F) & higher
SJT, SJTW Junior Hard Service Cord, Thermoplastic 60°C (140°F), 75°C (167°F) & higher
SJTO,
SJTOW
Junior Hard Service Cord, Oil Resistant Thermoplastic 60°C (140°F), 75°C (167°F) & higher
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Table VIII B (SEE E-11.16.1.1.1 AND E-11.16.1.3.4)
TYPE
DAMP
LOCATION
OIL
RESISTANT
COVER
EXTRA HARD
USAGE
HARD
USAGE
SE, SEW X X
SEO, SEOW X X X
SJ, SJW X X
SJE, SJEW X X
SJEO,
SJEOW
X X X
SJO, SJOW X X X
SJOO,
SJOOW
X X X
SJT, SJTW X X
SJTO,
SJTOW
X X X
SJTOO,
SJTOOW
X X X
SO, SOW X X X
ST, STW X X
STO, STOW X X X
STOO,
STOOW
X X X
NOTES: 1. Available in the same temperature rating as flexible cords in Table VIII A
2 167°F (75°C) dry insulation is suitable for use inside machinery spaces.
- 140°F (60°C) dry insulation is suitable only for use outside machinery spaces.
- Oil resistant cover shall be used in machinery spaces.
TABLE IX – CONDUCTORS
CONDUCTORS
TYPES
(SEE NOTE)
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABLE INSULATION TEMPERATURE
RATING
THW Moisture and Heat-Resistant, Thermoplastic 75° C (167° F)
TW Moisture-Resistant, Thermoplastic 60° C (140° F)
HWN Moisture and Heat-Resistant, Thermoplastic 75° C (167° F)
XHHW Moisture and Heat-Resistant, Cross Linked
Synthetic Polymer
90° C (194° F)
MTW Moisture, Heat and Oil Resistant, Thermoplastic 90° C (194° F)
AWM Style Nos. 1230, Moisture, Heat and Oil Resistant,
1231-1232, 1275 Thermoplastic, Thermosetting
1344-1346
105° C (221° F)
UL 1426 Boat Cable (See UL 1426 Cables for Boats)
NOTE: Some of the listed types are not commonly available in stranded construction for sizes smaller than 8 AWG.
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TABLE X – CONDUCTORS SIZED FOR 3 PERCENT DROP IN VOLTAGE
NOTE: In the event of a conflict between the voltage drop table and the ampacity table, use the larger wire size.
Length of Conductor from Source of Current to Device and Back to Source – Feet
10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
TOTAL
CURRENT
ON
CIRCUIT
IN AMPS.
12 Volts – 3% Drop Wire Sizes (gauge) – Based on Minimum CM Area
5 18 16 14 12 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
10 14 12 10 10 10 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2
15 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
20 10 10 8 6 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 2/0
25 10 8 6 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0
30 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0
40 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
50 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
60 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
70 6 4 2 2 1 0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
80 6 4 2 2 1 0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
90 4 2 2 1 0 2/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
100 4 2 2 1 0 2/0 3/0 4/0
24 Volts – 3% Drop Wire Sizes (gauge) – Based on Minimum CM Area
5 18 18 18 16 16 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8
10 18 16 14 12 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
15 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 2
20 14 12 10 10 10 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2
25 12 12 10 10 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
30 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
40 10 10 8 6 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 2/0
50 10 8 6 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0
60 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0
70 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
80 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
90 8 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
100 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
32 Volts – 3% Drop Wire Sizes (gauge) – Based on Minimum CM Area
5 18 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 8
10 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6
15 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4
20 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 2
25 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
30 14 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1
40 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
50 12 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
60 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0
70 10 8 6 6 6 4 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0
80 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0
90 8 6 6 6 4 2 2 2 1 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
100 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0 4/0
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TABLE XI CONDUCTORS SIZES FOR 10 % VOLTAGE DROP
NOTE: In the event of a conflict between the voltage drop table and the ampacity table, use the larger wire size.
Length of Conductor from Source of Current to Device and Back to Source – Feet
10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
TOTAL
CURRENT
ON
CIRCUIT IN
AMPS
12 Volts – 10% Drop Wire Sizes (gauge) – Based on Minimum CM Area
5 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10
10 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 6
15 18 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6
20 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4
25 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 2
30 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
40 14 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
50 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
60 12 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
70 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0
80 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0
90 10 8 6 6 6 4 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0
100 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 3/0
24 Volts – 10% Drop Wire Sizes (gauge) – Based on Minimum CM Area
5 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 14 12
10 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10
15 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8
20 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 6
25 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6
30 18 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6
40 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4
50 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 2
60 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
70 14 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
80 14 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
90 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
100 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
32 Volts – 10% Drop Wire Sizes (gauge) – Based on Minimum CM Area
5 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 16 16 14 14 14 14
10 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 12
15 18 18 18 18 18 16 14 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10
20 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8
25 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8
30 18 18 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6
40 18 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6
50 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4
60 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4
70 14 14 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2
80 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
90 14 12 10 10 10 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2
100 14 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
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TABLE XII – CONDUCTOR CIRCULAR MIL (CM) AREA AND STRANDING
CONDUCTOR
GAUGE
MINIMUM
ACCEPTABL
E
CM AREA
AWG
MINIMUM
ACCEPTABLE
CM AREA
SAE
MINIMUM NUMBER OF STRANDS
TYPE 1* TYPE 2** TYPE 3***
18 1,620 1,537 – 16 –
16 2,580 2,336 – 19 26
14 4,110 3,702 – 19 41
12 6,530 5,833 – 19 65
10 10,380 9,343 – 19 105
8 16,510 14,810 – 19 168
6 26,240 24,538 – 37 266
4 41,740 37,360 – 49 420
2 66,360 62,450 – 127 665
1 83,690 77,790 – 127 836
0 105,600 98,980 – 127 1064
00 133,100 125,100 – 127 1323
000 167,800 158,600 – 259 1666
0000 211,600 205,500 – 418 2107
*Type 1 – Solid conductor and stranding less than that indicated under Type 2 shall not be used
**Type 2 – Conductors with at least Type 2 stranding shall be used for general purpose boat wiring.
***Type 3 – Conductors with Type 3 stranding shall be used for any wiring where frequent flexing is involved in
normal use.
NOTE: 1. Metric wire sizes may be used if of equivalent circular mil area. If the circular mil area of the metric
conductor is less than that listed, the wire ampacity shall be corrected based on the ratio of the circular mil areas.
For comparison of conductor cross sections (AWG and ISO) (See AP TABLE 2 )
- The circular mil area given is equal to the mathematical square of the diameter of the AWG standard
solid copper conductor measured in one thousandths of an inch.
The area in square inches = 4(1,000,000)
pi(circular mils)
The circular mil area of the stranded conductors may differ from the tabulated values and is the sum of the circular
mil areas of the wires (strands) in the conductor.
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TABLE XIII – CONDUCTOR AMPACITY – FLEXIBLE CORDS [60°C (140°F) INSULATED RATING]
AMPACITY OF INSULATED COPPER CONDUCTORS
(SEE NOTES (1) AND (2))
OUTSIDE ENGINE SPACES INSIDE ENGINE SPACES
30°C (86°F) AMBIENT 50°C (122°F) AMBIENT
CONDUCTOR NOMINAL CM 3 CURRENT 2 CURRENT 3 CURRENT 2 CURRENT
SIZE AREA CARRYING CARRYING CARRYING CARRYING
(AWG) (SEE NOTE (1)) CONDUCTORS CONDUCTORS CONDUCTORS CONDUCTORS
16 2,580 10 13 6 8
14 4,110 15 18 9 11
12 6,530 20 25 12 15
10 10,380 25 30 15 20
8 16,510 35 40 20 25
6 26,240 45 55 30 35
4 41,740 60 70 35 40
2 66,360 80 95 50 55
NOTES: 1. Current ratings are for not more than two or three current carrying conductors in a flexible cord as
indicated. Reduce the current rating to 80 percent of values shown for four to six current carrying conductors.
- The ampacity of shore cables shall be based on 86oF (30oC) ambient.
TABLE XIV – WIRING COLOR CODE
Color Use
Green, or green w/yellow
stripe(s)
DC grounding conductors
Black, or yellow DC negative conductors
Red DC positive conductors
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TABLE XV – ENGINE AND ACCESSORY WIRING COLOR CODE
COLOR ITEM USE
Yellow w/Red Stripe (YR) Starting Circuit Starting switch to solenoid
Brown/Yellow Stripe (BY) or
Yellow (Y) – see note
Bilge Blowers Fuse or switch to blowers
Dark Gray (Gy) Navigation Lights
Tachometer
Fuse or switch to lights
Tachometer sender to gauge
Brown (Br) Generator Armature Generator armature to regulator
Alternator Charge Light
Pumps
Generator
Terminal/alternator
Auxiliary terminal to light to regulator
Fuse or switch to pumps
Orange (O) Accessory Feed Ammeter to alternator or generator output and
accessory fuses or switches.
Distribution panel to accessory switch
Purple (Pu) Ignition Ignition switch to coil and electrical instruments.
Instrument Feed Distribution panel to electric instruments
Dark Blue Cabin and Instrument Lights Fuse or switch to lights
Light Blue (Lt Bl) Oil Pressure Oil pressure sender to gauge
Tan Water Temperature Water temperature sender to gauge
Pink (Pk) Fuel Gauge Fuel gauge sender to gauge
Green/Stripe (G/x)
(Except G/Y)
Tilt down and/or Trim in Tilt and/or trim circuits
Blue/Stripe (Bl/x) Tilt up and/or Trim out Tilt and/or trim circuits
NOTE: If yellow is used for DC negative, blower must be brown with yellow stripe.
TABLE XVI – TENSILE TEST VALUES FOR CONNECTIONS
CONDUCTOR SIZE TENSILE FORCE CONDUCTOR SIZE TENSILE FORCE
GAUGE POUNDS NEWTONS GAUGE POUNDS NEWTONS
18 10 44 4 70 311
16 15 66 3 80 355
14 30 133 2 90 400
12 35 155 1 100 444
10 40 177 0 125 556
8 45 200 00 150 667
6 50 222 000 175 778
5 60 266 0000 225 1000
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AP TABLE 1 – CONDUCTORS
AWG
INSULATION
TYPE
NOMINAL
WALL
THICKNESS
(MILS)
MAXIMUM
OPERATING
TEMP.
DRY (°C)
MAXIMUM
OPERATING
TEMP.
WET (°C)
BREAK DOWN
VOLTAGE
(V)
OIL
RESISTANT
TEMP.
(°C)
COMMENTS
14-10 THW 45 75 75 600 Thermoplastic
8-2 THW 60
1-4/0 THW 80
14-10 TW 30 75 60 600 Thermoplastic
8 TW 45
14-12 THWN 19 105 75 600 60 PVC/Nylon
10 THWN 20
14-12 XHHW 30 90 75 600 X-linked
10
8-2 45
1-4/0 55
18-10 MTW 45 90 60 600 Heavy Wall
PVC
8 MTW 45
6 MTW 60
18-8 TW 30 90 60 600 Light Wall
PVC
18-10 AWM Style
#1230 PVC
30 105 60 600 60
18-8 AWM Style
#1231 PVC
45 105 60 600 60
8-2 AWM Style
#1232 PVC
60 105 60 600 60
1-4/0 AWM Style
#1232 PVC
80 105 60 600 60
18-10 AWM Style
#1275 PVC
60 105 60 600 60
18-10 AWM Style
#1345 PVC
30 105 75 600 60
8-2 AWM Style
#1346 PVC
60 105 75 600 60
18-10 UL 1426 Boat
Cable
30 105 75 600 60
8 Boat Cable 45 105 75 600 60
6-2 Boat Cable 60 105 75 600 60
1-4/0 Boat Cable 80 105 75 600 60
NOTES: 1. AWM must be accompanied by a style number.
- AWM style 1015 is not tested for moisture.
- Some of the listed types are not commonly available in standard construction for sizes smaller than 8
AWG. However, these types are acceptable if obtainable.
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AP TABLE 2 – COMPARISON OF CONDUCTOR CROSS –SECTION
AWG (Ga.)
AWG
ISO
mm²
Ampacity
(105°C Insulation)
mm²
Ampacity
(105°C Insulation)
18 0.82 20 0.75 16
1.0 20
16 1.31 25 1.5 25
14 2.08 35 2.5 35
12 3.31 45 4.0 45
10 5.26 60 6.0 60
8 8.39 80 10.0 90
6 13.3 120 16.0 130
4 21.2 160
3 26.6 180 25.0 170
2 33.6 210 35.0 210
1 42.4 245
0 53.5 285 50.0 270
2/0 67.7 330 70.0 330
3/0 85.2 385 95.0 390
4/0 107 445
250 kcm 127 500 120 450
300 kcm 152 550 150 475
NOTES: 1. Ampacity for ISO sizes is from ISO/FDIS 10133 “Electrical Systems-Extra-low-voltage D.C.
Installations” dated February 2, 1999.
- Ampacity of AWG is from E-11 TABLE VII – A and NEC for 221°F (105°C) insulation no more than two conductors bundled in air at 70oF (21oC).
* * * * *
ABYC technical board rules provide that all reports, including standards and technical information reports, are advisory only. Their use is entirely voluntary. They are believed to represent, as of the date of publication, the consensus of
knowledgeable persons, currently active in the field of small craft, on performance objectives that contribute to small boat safety.
The American Boat & Yacht Council assumes no responsibility whatsoever for the use of, or failure to use, standards
or technical information reports promulgated by it, their adaptation to any processes of a user, or any consequences
flowing therefrom..
Prospective users of the standards and technical information reports are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents.
The American Boat & Yacht Council standards are guides to achieving a specific level of design or performance, and are not intended to preclude attainment of desired results by other means.